Комбинированная терапия аллергического ринита: поиск оптимального решения

Аннотация

Аллергический ринит - это заболевание, в основе которого лежит IgE-опосредованное воспаление слизистой оболочки носа (вызываемое аллергенами), которое ежедневно характеризуется как минимум двумя из следующих симптомов: заложенность носа, выделения из носа (ринорея), чихание, зуд в полости носа. . Аллергический ринит часто сочетается с другими аллергическими заболеваниями, такими как бронхиальная астма, аллергический 110 БИОМЕДИЦИНА ВА АМАЛИЁТ ЖУРНАЛИ | ЖУРНАЛ БИОМЕДИЦИНЫ И ПРАКТИКИ | JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND PRACTICE №1 | 2021 конъюнктивит, атопический дерматит, и, безусловно, представляет собой глобальную медицинскую и социальную проблему. Хотя аллергический ринит - серьезное, опасное для жизни заболевание, тем не менее его медицинское и социальное значение связано с его высокой распространенностью среди детей, подростков и взрослых, особенно в сочетании с острым и хроническим синуситом, средним отитом, бронхиальной астмой. Ключевые слова: аллергический ринит, бронхиальная астма, антигистаминные препараты, пероральные антигистаминные препараты, длительное и интенсивное лечение, диагностика аллергического ринита. Zebo Raximberdievna Djabbarova Normal fiziologiya kafedrasi assistenti Samarqand davlat tibbiyot instituti yokubjon1994@mail.ru ALLERGIK RINIT UCHUN KOMBINASION DAVOLASH: OPTIMAL DAVOLASH YO'LLARINI IZLASH ANNOTATSIYA Allergik rinit - bu burun shilliq qavatining IgE vositachiligidagi yallig'lanishiga (alergenlardan kelib chiqqan holda) asoslangan kasallik bo'lib, har kuni quyidagi belgilarning kamida ikkitasi bilan tavsiflanadi: burun tiqilishi, burun oqishi (rinoreya), aksirish, burun bo'shlig'ida qichishish. Allergik rinit ko'pincha boshqa allergik kasalliklar, masalan, bronxial astma, allergik konyunktivit, atopik dermatit bilan birlashtiriladi va bu global tibbiy va ijtimoiy muammo hisoblanadi. Allergik rinit jiddiy, hayot uchun xavfli kasallik bo'lsada, uning tibbiy va ijtimoiy ahamiyati bolalar, o'spirinlar va kattalar orasida, ayniqsa, o'tkir va surunkali sinusit, otitis media, bronxial astma bilan birgalikda tarqalishining yuqori darajasi bilan bog'liq. Kalit so'zlar: allergik rinit, bronxial astma, antigistaminlar, og'iz antigistaminlari, uzoq muddatli va intensiv davolash, allergik rinit diagnostikasi. Introduction. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis is from 10 to 40% of the population, and every year the number of patients suffering from this disease is increasing. According to epidemiological studies, in different regions of Russia 13.9–35% of the population suffer from allergic rhinitis, in England - 16%, in Denmark - 19%, in Germany - 17%. An increase in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis is associated with factors such as changes in lifestyle and diet [1, 2]. The minimal persistence of allergic inflammation of the nasal mucosa leads to more frequent viral and colds, which, in turn, contributes to an increase in the number of patients requiring long-term and intensive treatment, including in a hospital setting [1, 2]. Material and Methods: Allergic rhinitis undoubtedly reduces the quality of life of patients and motivates them to seek help from doctors of all specialties. All specialists should be aware that for the correct diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and the appointment of adequate therapy, it is necessary to conduct an allergic examination to identify a causal allergen. The cause of allergic rhinitis in the overwhelming majority of cases are household, epidermal, pollen allergens, spores of lower fungi, insect particles that enter the body by inhalation. Unfortunately, we have to state a significant underdiagnosis of allergic rhinitis in modern society, patients are treated symptomatically for a long time, without a correct diagnosis, only 18% of patients are referred to a specialist within the first year from the onset of the disease [3]. On the recommendation of WHO experts, patients with persistent allergic rhinitis should be screened for the presence of bronchial asthma. The main objectives in the treatment of allergic rhinitis are: achieving and maintaining control of the disease, eliminating symptoms, reducing the risk of complications and improving the quality of life of patients. Treatment of allergic rhinitis implies an integrated approach, while it is necessary to take into account the course, the severity of symptoms, individual social and psychological characteristics of the patient, concomitant pathology. 111 БИОМЕДИЦИНА ВА АМАЛИЁТ ЖУРНАЛИ | ЖУРНАЛ БИОМЕДИЦИНЫ И ПРАКТИКИ | JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND PRACTICE №1 | 2021 Allergic rhinitis is a common allergic condition. There are a variety of pharmacologic treatments, including antihistamines, oral decongestants, and intranasal corticosteroids. Leukotrienes cause significant nasal obstruction. Leukotriene receptor antagonists decrease symptoms and improve quality of life in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Similar to antihistamines, antileukotrienes appear to be less efficacious than nasal corticosteroids.