Социально значимые заболевания глаз у детей

Аннотация

Objective: To study the dynamics o f the nosological structure o f eye diseases in children based on the materials o f the ophthalmological department o f the clinic o f the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis o f the reporting medical documentation o f the work o f the ophthalmological department o f the TashPMI clinic in 2018-2021 was carried out. Results: For 4 years in the structure o f diseases, the leading positions (from 10 to 33.15%) were occupied by diseases o f the lens, injuries, pathologies o f the oculomotor apparatus and intra­ocular pressure. Analysis o f the dynamics o f each nosological group during 2018-2021 revealed a steady upward trend in the number o f children with congenital cataracts (from 23.7 to 30.57%) and congenital glaucoma (from 17.25 to 34.05%), a slight decrease in thefrequency o f injuries (from 29.02 to 21.77%), the number ofpatients with strabismus, which, after a sharp decrease to 10.31% in 2020, increased again to 26.82% in 2021. Conclusions: The obtained data should be taken into account in order to optimize the planned and emergency children’s ophthalmological service in the regions o f the republic, improve the screening o f congenital and genetic diseases, and prevent childhood injuries.