Проблемы этногенеза и этнической истории узбекского народа в источниковедении новейшей истории

Аннотация

The study of the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people began in the last quarter of the XIX century. In the twentieth century, many scientific researches have been conducted in this field. After the independence of Uzbekistan, the study of this topic has become a topical issue. In addition to ethnographic, archeological, anthropological, linguistic researches, the problems have been studied in the field of source studies. In the first years of independence, various scientific approaches to study ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people emerged. Researchers have abandoned the ideological stereotypes that prevailed in the Soviet era and conducted scientific research. The writing of historical works changed theoretically and methodologically, and began to write the history of the people objectively. The theoretical and methodological approach that emerged during the Soviet era and the use of published literature also continued. Source studies made researchs in the field of the history of the Turkic peoples, their historical formation, geographical location, ethnic processes, the role of the Turkic peoples in public administration, socio-economic relations of the Turkic peoples in the Middle Ages. Much attention was paid to highlighting the place of the Turkic peoples in history. Ancient Arabic-Persian sources explored ethnic and ethno- political processes in the Central Asian region. During the years of independence, the study of ancient Chinese sources developed. In the ancient Chinese sources it has collected information about the peoples of Central Asia. The names and location of the unknown Turkish tribes have been clarified. The literature published by the source scholar Ablat Khodjaev provided with new information on the history of the peoples of Central Asia in ancient Chinese sources. Researcher X.M.Mamadaliev studied the peoples of the region, ethnic processes in Central Asia in the IX-XII centuries, in particular, the formation of the ethnogenesis of the Uzbek people, the processes of statehood on the basis of Arabic sources. In recent years, Shamsiddin Kamoliddin interpreted the terms “Uzbek” and “Uzbekistan” in ancient Arabic-Persian sources. There are also articles about Uzbek tribes. 158 SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ / ORIENTAL STUDIES 2021, № 4 During the years of independence, as a result of source studies, a number of scientific works, a small number of dissertations, many articles on the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people were published. A number of issues on the subject remained open. The article provides a systematic analysis of the study of this problem in source studies. The views and scientific approaches of source scholars on the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people are also covered. Keywords and expressions: “Uzbek”, “Uzbekistan”, ethnogenesis, ethnic history, ancient written source, source studies, Turkic tribes, proto-Turks, Aryans, Uzbek people. Аннотация. Ўзбек халқи этногенези ва этник тарихи масаласини ўрганиш XIX аср сўнгги чорагидан бошланди. XX асрда масалага оид кўплаб илмий изланишлар олиб борилди. Ўзбекистон мустақилликка эришгандан сўнг, ушбу мавзуни ўрганиш долзарб масала сифатида кўтарилди. Этнографик, археологик, антропологик, лингвистик тадқиқотлар билан бир қаторда манбашунослик соҳасида ҳам муаммо тадқиқ этилди. Мустақиллик дастлабки йилларида ўзбек халқи этногенези ва этник тарихи масаласини ўрганишда турли хил илмий ёндашувлар вужудга келди. Тадқиқотчилар совет даврида ҳукм сурган мафкуравий қолипларидан воз кечиб илмий изланишлар олиб бордилар. Тарихий асарлар ёзиш назарий-методологик жиҳатдан ўзгариб, халқ тарихини холис ёзиш бошланди. Совет даврида пайдо бўлган назарий-услубий ёндашув ва нашр этилган адабиётлардан фойдаланиш ҳам давом этди. Манбашунослик тадқиқотларда туркий халқлар тарихи, уларнинг тарихий шаклланиши, географик жойлашуви, этник жараёнлар, давлат бошқарувида туркий халқларнинг ўрни, ўрта асрларда туркий халқларнинг идтимоий-иқтисодий муносабатлари каби масалалар ўрганилди. Туркий халқларнинг тарихда тутган ўрнини ёритишга кўпроқ эътибор берилди. Араб-форс тилли қадимги манбаларда Марказий Осиё минтақасидаги этник ва этносиёсий жараёнлар тадқиқ этилди. Мустақиллик йилларида қадимги хитой манбаларини ўрганиш ривожланди. Қадимги хитой манбаларида Марказий Осиё халқларига оид маълумотлар тўпланди. Номаълум бўлган туркий уруғлар номлари, жойлашуви масалаларига аниқлик киритилди. Манбашунос олим Аблат Хўжаев томонидан нашр этилган адабиётлар қадимги хитой манбаларида Марказий Осиё халқлари тарихига оид янги маълумотларни тақдим этди. Тадқиқотчи Х.М.Мамадалиев араб тили манбалари асосида Ўрта Осиё ҳудудида IX – XII асрларда содир бўлган минтақа халқлари, этник жараёнлар, хусусан ўзбек халқи этногенезининг шаклланиши, давлатчилик қуриш жараёнлари тадқиқ этди. Кейинги йилларда Шамсиддин Камолиддин томонидан қадимги араб-форс тилли манбаларда “ўзбек”, “Ўзбекистон” атамаларини шарҳлаб берилди. Ўзбе