Еще раз об образах Паурвы и Трайетаоны в Яшты Авесты

Аннотация

In this article discussed questions about the essence of the character of mythologic hero Traeton, god and Human being in the sacred book of zoroastrism of Avesta. In the context a legend about Paur in the anthem Ardv Sur Anakhit is revealed little knawn visible function of this god in the capacity of Sunrise Colors. In addition, interrelation between Paurva and Thraetaona ought to look throngh the fight between unbelieving moral evil, to the first truth “the best faith” in Ahura Мazda, protecting the second. Keywords and expressions: Faridun, Traetona, Azhi Dahaka, Ardvi Sura, Paurva, boatman, Zoroastrianism, Atvya, Bogolyubov, proof, punishment, conviction. Аннотация. Ушбу мақолада Авестонинг зардуштийликнинг муқаддас китоби- даги мифологик қаҳрамон Траэтон, худо ва Инсон характерининг моҳиятига оид саволлар муҳокама қилинди. Контекстда Ардв Сур Анахит мадҳиясидаги Паур ҳақ- идаги афсонада бу худонинг Сунрисе Cолорс сифатидаги унчалик маълум бўлмаган кўринадиган функцияси очиб берилган. Бундан ташқари, Паурва ва Тҳраэтаона ўртасидаги ўзаро боғлиқлик имонсиз ахлоқий ёвузлик ўртасидаги курашдан иборат бўлиши керак, биринчи ҳақиқатга Аҳура Маздадаги "энг яхши эътиқод", иккинчисини ҳимоя қилиш керак. Таянч сўз ва иборалар: Фаридун, Траэтона, Ажи Даҳака, Ардви Сура, Паурва, қайиқчи, зардуштийлик, Атвя, Боголюбов, далил, жазо, ҳукм. Аннотация. В данной статье рассмотрены вопросы сущности образа мифо- логического героя Траэтона, бога и Человека в священной книге зороастризма Авесте. В контексте легенды о Пауре в гимне Ардв Сур Анахит раскрывается малоизвестная видимая функция этого бога в качестве Цветов Восхода Солнца. Кроме того, взаимоотношения между Паурвой и Траэтаоной должны рассмат- риваться сквозь призму борьбы между неверующим нравственным злом и первой истины «наилучшей веры» в Ахура Мазду. Опорные слова и выражения: Фаридун, Траэтона, Ажи Дахака, Ардви Сура, Паурва, лодочник, зороастризм, Атвья, Боголюбов, доказательство, наказание, осуждение. Among the mythological plots of the Avesta, a special place is occupied by the image of Traetona, who defeated the evil Azhi Dahaku. Judging by the content of the monument, Traetona is a representative of the famous family of the righteous Zoroastrians Atvya. However, often, the image of Traetona is seen as a deity, the 129 SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ / ORIENTAL STUDIES 2021, № 4 forerunner of King Faridun1. Avesta associates its appearance in the genus Atvya with the verb zayata, translated as the past participle "brought2." Indeed, the verb zayata can be associated with the stem zā (y) - “to leave”, “to leave”, “to deliver”. In this case, Traetaonu can be considered as a foundling brought up in the Atvya clan. However, judging by the parallels of the Traetona of the Avesta and the Trita of the Rig Veda, they appear as divine entities. So, in the legend about Paurva, taking the form of a bird of prey Kahrkasa, Traetaona descends from the heavens and saves the boatman Paurva drowning in the waters of the sacred river Ranha and takes him into the sky. Giving such interpretations to this plot, at the same time M.N.Bogolyubov himself expresses bewilderment. The fact is that the Avestan expression vifrō navazō was explained by the researchers as “an inspired boatman”. At the same time, the act of Traetona in relation to Paurva remained unclear: “he carried him high into the sky”, as a result of which the latter could not descend to earth, return to his home. The causal aspect of this event remains unclear. Judging by the fact that Paurva, early in the morning on the third day of his stay in heaven, finally rushes towards the hypostasis of Ardvi Sura Anahita in the form of the radiance of the dawn and turns to her in prayer, asks her for help to return to earth. Meanwhile, in this plot there is no such an important element explaining why Paurva was taken to heaven? Why did his boat crash? Why did they threaten him with death? And here M.N. Bogolyubov is right, expressing his bewilderment: “The act of the god Traetona ... looks strange and unjustified”3. It is not clear in what position Paurva is: in the position of being punished? If not, then there is another answer. His ascent to heavenly distances was done only in order to show the mercy of Ardvi Sura, who does not refuse the righteous in their requests. That the essence of this plot is revealed only partially. Then it remains to look for the true reason for the three-day desperate situation of Paurva in the heavens. Noteworthy is the opinion of M.M. Iskhakov regarding this plot, expressed in the comments to his own translation into Uzbek of Obon Yashta (hymn of Ardvi Sura Anahita). First, according to M.M. Iskhakov, the image of Paurva is essentially negative4. Most likely he, if not the enemy of Mazda Yasny, i.e. Zoroastrianism, it was rather just an unbeliever. The broken boat on the Ranha River and the threat of death hanging over Paurva - all this should be considered as a punishment for unbelief. This is