Сущность понятия национальной идентичности в контексте процессов глобализации

Аннотация

The article analyzes the concepts of national identity. The value-gnoseolo- gical approach to the study of features of national identity in the era of globalization was analyzed in detail. Characterize the essence of the concept of national identity in the context of the processes of globalization. Keyworlds and expressions: national identity, globalization, culture, philosophy of culture, national ideas, save national identity, creative thinking, person. In today's world, there are fundamental social, political and economic changes that subsequently lead to the expansion of the relationships and interdependence of 138 SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ / ORIENTAL STUDIES 2018, № 3 different countries, peoples, cultures and nationalities. Changes of this kind cover almost all spheres of social life that directly affect the development and formation of philosophical and scientific knowledge. All this is interconnected with the fact that the processes of globalization involve the formation of new forms intended to become regulators of social processes in the XXI century. It can be noted that globalization is a process of convergence and integration of social, economic, national and cultural norms and principles that have distinct national features. In other words, globalization is a global economic process – political and cultural integration and unification1. The rapid changes in the world in the late XX – early XXI century, associated primarily with the growing and very contradictory processes of globalization has sharply exacerbated the problem of national identity. The process of globalization has captured almost all the world space, connecting on the one hand, and dividing it into the center and the periphery. Slowly expanding its geography, global flows have practically taken over the main spheres of life of the world community, subjugating culture, politics, economy, philosophy. In such a situation, it is possible to distinguish cultural globalization and the preservation of national identity in the process of globalization2. National identity is a complex multidimensional, multifaceted phenomenon, which includes social, socio-philosophical, psychological, cultural and ethnic aspects. As a social phenomenon, it is characterized by quality, relativity, dynamism. In the era of globalization, Identity is characterized by flexibility, mobility, multiplicity, incompleteness, contextuality. National identity or national consciousness is one of the components of human identity associated with the perceived belonging to a particular ethnic group or nation. National identity is not identical to the concepts of citizenship or nationality, although they may be factors that have a strong influence on it3. National identity is not a natural feature. It stems from the acquired awareness of the community of culture, history, language with a certain group of people. To this can be added a sense of belonging to a particular state, national idea, culture and national symbols4. The point is that «the concept of' national identity» is extremely vague, but there are complex issues of intersection of the concept. First, this concept must be processed and translated into the concept of «collective identity». And if the meaning of «national identity» is considered to be «ethnic», then the complexity of this aspect of the issue of identity will be immediately understood. Simply because the very notion of these phenomena in social Sciences is colored by ambiguity, «collective identity» is not required to have a multi-layered personality. Identity is understood as a person's awareness of his belonging to a social group, which allows him to determine his place in the socio-cultural space and freely navigate in the world. Since each individual can be a member of several social and cultural communities at the same time, depending on the type of group membership it 1 Miller D. Citizenship and National Identity. – London: Cambridge, 2000. – P. 89. 2 Бадмаев В.Н. Феномен национальной идентичности (социально-философский анализ). – Волгоград-Элиста, 2005. – С. 154. 3 Smith A. D. National identity // Ethnonationalism in comparative perspective. – University of Nevada Press, 2001. – P. 14. 4 Huntington S. P. Who are we: The challenges to national identity. – Simon and Schuster, 2004. – P. 75. 139 SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ / ORIENTAL STUDIES 2018, № 3 is customary to distinguish different types of identity: civil, national, ethnic, cultural, professional, political, religious. In a generalized form, national identity can be defined as a spiritual and moral category, which is organically present in all manifestations of the national. Its attributes, taken separately, are relatively independent, but their consideration outside of connection with each other does not give a complete and adequate idea of the nature and expression of national identity. National identity is a phenomenon of a higher order than any other type of identity, such a