Развитие инновационной деятельности как фактор конкурентоспособности национальной экономики Узбекистана

Аннотация

The article reviews the position of innovation in the national economy, the development prospects of innovation activity and the issues of formation and development of innovation infrastructure in enhancement of competitiveness of national economy. It substantiates the importance of the acquisition of foreign technology in the innovation policy of the countries with transition economy. Analyzed the leading direction of crea- ting a national innovation system and there are given suggestions for development and effective management of innovation infrastructure. Keywords and expressions: national innovation system, innovation policy, R&D, competitiveness, human capital, innovation economy. Аннотация. Мақолада миллий иқтисодиётда инновацияларнинг ўрни, инновацион фаолиятни ривожлантириш истиқболлари, миллий иқтисодиёт рақобатбардошлигини оширишда инновацион инфратузилмани шакллантириш ва ривожлантириш масалалари кўриб чиқилган. Ўтиш иқтисодиёти мамлакатларида инновацион сиёсатда хорижий технологияларни фаол ўзлаштириш муҳимлиги асосланилган. Миллий инновация тизи- мини шакллантиришнинг устувор йўналишлари таҳлил этилиб, инновацион инфрузил- мани ривожлантириш ва самарали бошқариш юзасидан таклифлар берилган. Таянч сўз ва иборалар: миллий инновацион тизим, инновацион сиёсат, илмий- тадқиқот ва тажриба конструкторлик ишлари, рақобатбардошлик, инсон капи- тали, инновацион иқтисодиёт. Аннотация. В данной статье рассмотрены место инноваций в национальной эко- номике, перспективы развития инновационной деятельности, вопросы формирования и развития инновационной инфраструктуры в повышении конкурентоспособности на- циональной экономики. Обоснована важность приобретения зарубежных технологий для инновационной политики стран с переходной экономикой. Проанализированы веду- щие направления создания национальной инновационной системы, даны предложения по развитию и эффективному управлению инновационной инфраструктурой. Опорные слова и выражения: национальная инновационная система, иннова- ционная политика, НИОКР, конкурентоспасобность, человеческий капитал, инно- вационная экономика. Knowledge and innovation, new generation ideas, creation of new technolo- gies and materials are key factors, which assure economic growth and competiti- 109 ORIENTAL STUDIES / SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ 2017, № 4 veness. Innovation is the product of interaction of scientific-research, experimen- tal design organizations, research centers and universities with the consumers of their products in the face of industrial enterprises, small and medium-sized bu- sinesses and companies. Complex process of interrelations between science and production, phased development and implementation of innovations in the form of the finished product introduced on the market requires special attention and crea- tion of special conditions. In each country it develops in their own way, according to the specific econo- mic system. But it is clear that these complex interactions must be adjusted in the frame of the state policy aimed at the creation of a national innovation system. In its innovation activities partners mentioned above do not work separately from each other, but in the frame of its programs various levels, from the branch, regio- nal to national ones. Therefore, the development of the national innovation system and infrastructure innovation requires careful consideration of all the factors which can affect the effectiveness and efficiency. The main tasks of staidly developing the economy of Uzbekistan are structural modernization of economy, supporting and promoting innovation activity, and for- mation innovation economy. In the XXI century the science progress become the main factor of social-economic development. The science progress develop through science and education and it provides the competitiveness of the national economy. Innovation policy in Uzbekistan is aimed at increasing the contribution of science and technology to the development of the economy, ensuring progressive structural and technological changes in the industry, strengthening the interrela- tionship of science, education and industry of work. Nowadays, the industries emerged with their products on the world market (fuel and energy complex, metallurgy, automobile manufacturing, chemistry), need to improve the efficiency of production capacity. In these cases, national in- novation policy in key sectors of the economy is primarily aimed at accelerating the development of domestic and foreign technological achievements. Although the market plays an important role in stimulating innovation activity, it can not ensure the dynamic development of national innovation systems. The signi- ficance and the role of the government formulating a long-term strategy for the de- velopment of these systems, and implementing specific measures supporting and managing innovations is great. Innovation policy of the state mostly determines the long-term economic development. Significant physical