Роль КНР в стабильности общественно-политических процессов в государствах Центральной Азии

Аннотация

This article is devoted to some features of the foreign policy of the People’s Republic of China on ensuring the stability of social and political processes in the states of Central Asia and promoting economic prosperity of the region. In particular, the essence of the Belt and Road Initiative, aimed at the consistent development of construc- tive, good-neighborly relations between China and the Central Asian states, as well as raising them to a new level by increasing the region’s potential, is revealed. Keywords and expressions: Central Asia, security, development, stability, good- neighborhood, promotion of prosperity, the Belt and Road Initiative Аннотация. Мазкур мақолада Марказий Осиё давлатларида ижтимоий-сиёсий жараёнлар барқарорлигини таъминлаш ва минтақанинг иқтисодий фаровонлигига кўмаклашиш бўйича Хитой Халқ Республикаси ташқи сиёсатининг айрим хусу- сиятлари таҳлил қилинади. Хусусан, Хитой ва Марказий Осиё давлатлари ўртаси- даги конструктив, яхши қўшничилик муносабатларини изчил ривожлантиришга ҳамда минтақанинг салоҳиятини ошириш орқали алоқаларни янги даражага кўта- ришга қаратилган “Бир макон – ягона йўл” ташаббусининг моҳияти очиб берилди. Таянч сўз ва иборалар: Марказий Осиё, хавфсизлик, тараққиёт, барқарорлик, яхши қўшничилик, фаровонликни кўллаб-қувватлаш, “Бир макон – бир йўл” ташаббуси. Аннотация. В данной статье рассматриваются некоторые особенности внешней политики Китайской Народной Республики по обеспечению стабильности социально- политических процессов в государствах Центральной Азии и содействию экономичес- кого процветания государств региона. В частности, раскрыта суть инициативы «Один пояс – один путь», направленной на последовательное развитие конструктивных, доб- рососедских взаимоотношений между Китаем и государствами Центральной Азии, а также выведение их на новый уровень за счет повышения потенциала региона. Опорные слова и выражения: Центральная Азия, безопасность, развитие, ста- бильность, добрососедство, содействие процветанию, инициатива «Один пояс – один путь». At the end of the 20th century, five new independent states were formed in Central Asia. For many reasons, China was interested in creating mechanisms for constructive interaction with the states of the region. The first necessary condition for this was the formation of conditions for maintaining a strategic balance of for- ces in the region, ensuring social and political stability and security, preventing the emergence of real and potential threats to China. 101 ORIENTAL STUDIES / SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ 2017, № 4 In particular, as President of Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev underlined, “Confidently and dynamically developing, having great authority and influence in the world, China has become a close and reliable partner for Uzbekistan, with whom we have strong traditions of strong friendship, mutual understanding and respect”1. In the first half of the 1990s, China’s policy in Central Asia, being in the process of establishing a foreign policy line for the countries of the region, was very careful and moderate. As the borders with the neighboring countries of the region were unsettled, and the destabilization of the political situation carried a potential threat to the political stability and economic development of the north-western territory of China. As the Chinese researcher Xing Guangcheng noted, the basic principles of China’s foreign policy towards Central Asia were formulated only in 1994. The Chinese resear- cher summarizes them as maintaining friendly neighborly relations and peaceful coexistence, developing mutually beneficial cooperation and promoting common prosperity, respecting the choice of each state and non-interference in the internal af- fairs of other countries, respect for sovereignty, promoting regional stability2. In order to ensure stability in the neighboring states of Central Asia, it was first of all necessary to settle border issues, on which the PRC concentrated its efforts after establishing diplomatic relations with these countries. It should be noted, that in order to maintain peaceful relations on the border in April 1996, China initiated the establishment of the “Shanghai Five” group, which unites China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Therefore, the issu- es of the border between China and Kazakhstan were finally settled in 1998, between China and Kyrgyzstan in 1999, China and Tajikistan in 20023. In addition, after the “Shanghai Five” group was transformed into the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in 2001, China and the Central Asian states signed a num- ber of documents to strengthen cooperation against the “three evils” – separatism, terrorism and extremism. In particular, in 2002, China signed such an agreement with Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, in 2003 – with Uzbekistan and Tajikistan4. As the Kazakh scientist K. Syroezhkin emphasizes, the Central Asian strategy of Beijing is aimed at actively participating in solving the problems of Centr