Современные реформы в КНР: укрепление основ политического развития

Аннотация

The article is dedicated to analysis the essential tendencies of modern poli- tical reforms in the People’s Republic of China, as well as features of modernization of China’s political system, its economic and foreign policy aspects. Keywords and expressions: political reform, China's development, governance, con- sultative democracy, political system. Аннотация. Мазкур илмий мақолада Хитой Халқ Республикасидаги замонавий сиёсий ислоҳотларнинг асосий тенденциялари ҳамда Хитой сиёсий тизимини мо- дернизация қилишнинг ўзига хос хусусиятлари, унинг иқтисодий ва ташқи сиёсий жиҳатлари таҳлил қилинган. Таянч сўз ва иборалар: сиёсий ислоҳот, Хитойнинг ривожланиши, бошқарув, консультатив демократия, сиёсий тизим. Аннотация. В данной научной статье анализируются основные тенденции сов- ременных политических реформ в Китайской Народной Республике, а также осо- бенности модернизации политической системы Китая, ее экономические и внеш- неполитические аспекты. Опорные слова и выражения: политическая реформа, развитие Китая, управле- ние, консультативная демократия, политическая система. China, as a large modern state, is steadily gaining new heights in its deve- lopment. Since the beginning of the century, annual growth rates of the country "GDP is in the range of 7.8–14.2%. According to the results of 2010, China be- came the second world economy, and in 2012 it became the largest trading power, for the first time ahead of the US in this indicator"1. Undoubtedly, China's development in terms of speed and volume has no analogues in the modern world. Therefore, this country does not cease to amaze the world community with its achievements in various spheres of human life. Thanks to which, to date, China has become one of the world leaders, has become an active participant in global processes. There are different opinions on this issue in the world expert community. But most of them focused on the political components of the prerequisites. We are talking about effective political reforms that have begun to open fabulous opportunities for large-scale, all-round development of the country, that is, the basis for these achievements is the con- stant and systematic improvement of public administration. 1 Leksyutina J. China in BRICS: motivation for participation // World Economy and International Relations, 2014, № 4. – P. 81. 91 ORIENTAL STUDIES / SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ 2017, № 4 As is known, "in the political sphere, China has made decisive progress: inner- party rotation of leaders every ten years to avoid political stagnation, the openness of immigration and emigration policies, freedom of polemic, political discourse and a variety of positions in the media. A number of documents and political sta- tements following the Eighth Congress of the Communist Party of China, held in November 2012, outlined the steps for further reform of the party and political reform of the country: they are talking about reform of party oversight mecha- nisms, increasing transparency of offices, strengthening principles of law and order and the fight against corruption"1. In this regard, it should be specially noted that in the improvement of the state foundations and public administration in the PRC, the development of democratic norms, in particular, in the transparency of the implementation of state adminis- tration, was of paramount importance. In May 2008, the most important document of the State Council of the People's Republic of China was adopted, entitled "Re- solution on the opening of state information of the People's Republic of China." The issues of increasing transparency were central to the policy documents adopted at the Third Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPC in November 2013, entitled "The decision of the CPC Central Committee to deepen the course of reforms and other important issues"1. It should be specially noted that the document uses two terms: "transparent" and "open". In general, speaking about the basic principles of improving the political system of the PRC, the head of state Xi Jinping noted: "The advancement of the moderni- zation of the system of public administration and management capabilities boils down to adapting to the changes occurring in our era, not only to reform those institutions and mechanisms, laws and other normative legal acts that do not meet the require- ments of the development of practice, but introduces new institutions and mecha- nisms, new laws and regulations, making all institutions more scientific and perfect ... to transform all of our institutional advantages into the effectiveness of state mana- gement, and in general to raise the level of scientific management, democratic mana- gement and administration of the law by the party"2. It should be emphasized that in the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPC concerning some important issues of comprehensive deepening of reforms, in particular, the leading role is assigned to the tasks of forming and developing ad