Хаким Тирмизи в Египте

Аннотация

This article highlights the issue of studying the scientific heritage of Hakim Ter- mizi in the Arab Republic of Egypt. In the study, information about more than thirty books of Hakim Tirmizi which studied by Egyptian scholars is given and some analyzes are made. Keywords and expressions: Hakim Tirmizi, Hanafite school, “al-hakimiya vat-ter- miziyya”, Arab Republic of Egypt, “Bayan al-Farq”, Gnostic pathway (tariqah) (Gnostic journeys and pathways), qalb and Nafs, Sufism, Muhammad Ibrahim al-Geyoushi, Arber- ry and Abdulqodir. Аннотация. Ушбу мақолада Ҳаким Термизий илмий меросининг Миср Араб Рес- публикасида ўрганилиши баён қилинган бўлиб, мисрлик олимлар томонидан яратилган барча илмий ишлар жалб қилинган ҳамда кўплаб янги илмий хулосалар келтирилган. Таянч сўз ва иборалар: Ҳаким Термизий, ҳанафийлик мактаби, “ал-ҳакимия ват-термизия”, Миср Араб Республикаси, “Баён ал-фарқ”, тариқа, қалб ва нафс, сўфийлик, Муҳаммад Иброҳим ал-Жиюший, Арберри ва Абдулқодир. Аннотация. В статье дан анализ научного наследия Хакимa Термизи в Араб- ской Республике Египет и сведения о более тридцати трудов Термизи, изученных в Египте, так же сделаны научные выводы. Опорные слова и выражения: Хаким Тирмизи, ханафийская школа, «ал-хакимия ват-термизия», Арабская Республика Египет, «Баян ал-фарк», тарика, сердце и нафс, суфизм, Мухаммад Ибрахим ал-Жиюши, Арберри и Абдулкадыр. Tirmizi is an extremely interesting figure. Like many contemporaries he is an example of the high level of culture and education of the former Bactria at his time. Hakim Tirmizi’s scientific works have been studied for centuries in the East and in the West. Among world researchers, however, Egyptian scholars have been playing a vital role in studying his works. The reasons for that, Abd-Allah Muhammad ibn Ali at-Tirmizi, better known as al-Hakim at-Tirmizi was one of the great Sufi leaders of the third century A.H and the most distinguished savants among the early mystics, is generally known as a muhaddith, a jurist of the Hanafite school of law and a Sufi. Hakim Tirmizi was born in 132–142/750–760 in Tirmizi (a city in modern Uzbekistan) and died in 255/869 year. He was given “Hakim (Sage)” as a nickname by people of his era. The number of his scientific works was more than 80 (400 in some books). Most of the later Sufis owe a great deal to him. The books in which he expressed his opinions attracted of later Sufis, who directed their efforts towards analyzing and explaining them. As Egyptian scholar Dr. Muhammad Ibrahim al-Geyoushi said that (1971): “Biographical material on al-Hakim al-Tirmizi is found scattered in biographies and notes on Sufi literature, but all is scarce. Such data do not give an adequate idea of the elevated level of thinking or of his views and his teachings, nor do they indicate 79 ORIENTAL STUDIES / SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ 2017, № 4 the great influence which he and they had on Sufism”1. That’s way 1970s was a period that scientific legacy of Hakim Tirmizi was much more popular than ever before in Egypt. So far, thousands researches have been carried on Hakim Tirmizi’s heritage in this country. However, most of them are devoted to learn his Sufi concepts. As Egyptian scholars said he was the first to clarify and formulate certain ideas on Sufism, saints and sainthood, to which his successors subscribed and on which they relied. For above mentioned reasons, in this article, as well as analyzing the works of Egyptian researchers on Hakim Tirmizi, some exact infor- mation about his scientific works in Egypt will be given. The work and studies of at-Tirmizi were not known in Egypt until Abdulmuhsin al- Husaini published Riyazatu-n-nafs in Alexandria in 1942. As it is known that this book is famous with other titles like “Ar-Riyazat” and “Kitabu-r-riyazat fi taaluqi-l-amr bi- lkhalq”. Its written version is kept in Awqaf museum, number 32,2g 272–286, 120h in Paris2. In 1947, English scholar Arthur Aberry and Egyptian scientist Abdulqodir published that book second time with explanations. This book is a precise source which reviews the issues of human study and spiritual path (Tariqah). Tirmizi himself calls this book a teaching guide in his other works. In terms of issues of human studies and mystical path, “Riyazatu-n-nafs” is Tirmizi’s most complete and clear book about the structure of human body and all essence, parts and intellectual facilities3. And that year (1947), Arberry and Abdulqodir printed Tirmizi’s second book called “Adabu-n-Nafs”. This book is about a set of questions about Gnosticism and particularly about the meaning of the truth. This book is kept in the form of manuscript in As’adi Afandi library under the #1312 in 32 pages without any division. There is Minavi journal 1/159 and 4/1957 m 53–54 in the list of manuscripts of Tehran Institute of Literature4 . In 1947 Tirmizi’s “Sifatu-l-qulubi va ahvaluha va hayatu tarkibiha” and “Sharhu sualat fi- t-ta’biroti (at-tadbirat)-l-ilahiya” were issued by Arberry and Ab