Рукописные копии произведений «Арбаин»

Аннотация

This article gives the information about handwritten copies of “Arba’in” works in which there were collected 40 hadiths together and given them a poetry expla- nation and which were very popular in Eastern Islamic classical literature. Keywords and expressions: Arba‘in, Koran, Hadith, “Chihil Hadith”, manuscripts, poetic explanation. Аннотация. Ушбу мақолада Шарқ мумтоз адабиётида анъана бўлган, 40 та ҳадисни бир ерга жамлаб, унга шеърий шарҳ берадиган арбаъин асарларининг қўл- ёзма нусхалари ҳақида маълумот берилган. Таянч сўз ва иборалар: Арбаъин, Қуръони карим, ҳадис, қирқ ҳадис, қўлёзмалар, бадиий шарҳ. Аннотация. В данной статье рассматриваются рукописные копии произведе- ний, написанных в традиции Востока «Арбаъин» – собрание 40 хадисов в одном пргоизведении с поэтическими комментариями к ним. Опорные слова и выражения: Арбаъин, Коран, хадис, сорок хадисов, рукопись, поэтический комментарий. It was tradition to write “Arba‘in” – “Chihil Hadith” works in Eastern Islamic classical literature which means collecting forty hadiths in one place, explaining their meaning to ordinary people, writing comments on them. The observations show that every time has its “Arba‘in”, which put forward a clear theme and purpose. According to Hadith, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), “Whoever memorize forty hadiths, follows and teaches them, he will be under my intercession on the Day of Resurrection”. According to this hadith people tried to memorize forty hadiths and deliver them to people. The lexical meaning of “Arba‘in” is forty. In addition, to be in chilla for forty days means the prayers’ purifying and praying in the nook for forty days, forty days after the death. These forty days are called as a period of “cleansing”1. 1 Mukhammad Giyosiddin. Giyos ul-lugat. 1-tom. – T., 1997. 74 ORIENTAL STUDIES / SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ 2017, № 4 Medieval thinkers chose forty hadiths which were about Islamic rules and place together. They attempted to explain the meaning and significance of these forty hadiths to people in easier way. For this they used the prose and poetry effectively. In this article we aimed to give some information about handwritten copies of “Arba‘in” works which are stored in the fund of the Center of oriental manuscrip- ts named after Abu Rayhan al-Biruni under the Tashkent State Institute of Orien- tal studies of the Republic of Uzbekistan. There are a few copies of “Arba‘in” – “Chihil Hadith” works and written comments on them. The “Arba‘in” works stored there weren’t still included in the scientific use. We know “Chihil Hadith” – “Arba‘in” works by Djami and Navai in classical literature, which are in scien- tific circulation, but the “Arba‘in” works written in Arabic, Persian and Turkish languages which are stored in Republican funds aren’t studied completely from the point of word processing and literal source study. It was known that there are about 80 handwritten copies of “Arba‘in” works by looking through the catalogue of the fund of the Center of oriental manuscripts. In particular, it includes following books: Yahya b. Sharaf ad-Din al-Nawawi, “Chihil Hadith” (in Arabic); Djalal b. Muhammad b. ‘Ubaid Allah al-Qayini al-Bukhari al-Haravi “Arba‘in fi-l-akhlaq”, (in Arabic); ‘Usfuri Muhammad b. Abu Bakr, “Arba‘in ‘Usfuri” (in Arabic); Majd ad-Din Sharaf b. al-Mu’ayyid al-Baghdadi “Arba‘in” (in Arabic); ‘Abd al-‘Aziz b. al-Qawi b. ‘Abd Allah al-Muhtadi “Arba‘in fi-l-akhlaq” (in Arabic); ‘Abd ar-Rahman Djami, “Chihil Hadith” (in Persian); ‘Alisher Navai “Arba‘in” (in Turkic); Muhammad Nomrod “Chil hadith manzuma” (in Arabic); Abu Tahir Muhammad b. Hasan ‘Ali Ushi “Arba‘in Hadsan” (in Arabic); Sayyid Ahmad Wasli Samarqandi “Chihil Hadith mahzuma” (in Persian); Muhammad al-Jazari al-Shafi‘i “Arba‘in al-masa’il”; ‘Abd al-Djalil bin Muhammad Ibrahim “Arba‘in” book (in Turkic language); Shaykh Muhammad al-Omosawi “Arbain al-mawsum bi shifai al-qulub" (in Persian); Amir Sayyid (b.) ‘Ali Shahab Hamadani “Chihil Hadith dar sifat fuqara'”, “Arba‘in al-‘Ali” and “Chihil Hadith” (in Persian); ‘Abd al-Latif b. Shaikh Sulayman Turbati “Chil hadith manzuma” (in Persian); Mir Shaikh b. Nur ad-Din Muhammad Purani “Chil hadith-i manzuma” (in Persian); Mukhayyira “Arba‘in manzuma” (in Turkic), etc. In addition there are some “Arba‘in” books whose authors are still unknown. Haji Khalfa mentioned 95 written works about “arba‘in” hadiths in his encyclo- pedic book “Kashf al-Zunun” and its inlay “Izah al-Maknun”. It has own rules of writing of “Arba‘in” and the author should note the aim of gathering forty hadiths and tellers of these hadiths. After that he begins with prai- ses to Allah (merciful and grace be upon him) and His Messenger Muhammad 75 ORIENTAL STUDIES / SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ 2017, № 4 (p.b.u.h). The number of hadiths is given with numerals. Each hadith is given with names of people by whom the hadiths were passed and narrators of hadith. After each hadith its poetic explanation