Ибн Атхам аль-Куфи и его информация о регионе Аш-Шаш

Аннотация

The article is devoted to the analisys of historical information on the basis of “Kitab al-Futuh” (“The Book of Discoveries”) by Ibn ‘A‘tham al-Kufi. Keywords and expressions: arabs, islam, Arabian caliphate, Arabs conquests, Cen- tral Asia, Ash-Shash region. Аннотация. Мақолада Ибн Аъсам ал-Куфийнинг “Китаб ал-футуҳ” (Мамла- катларнинг фатх этилиши китоби) асосида Аш-Шош вилояти ҳақидаги тарихий маълумотлар таҳлил қилинган. Таянч сўз ва иборалар: араблар, ислом, Араб халифалиги, фатҳ, Марказий Осиё, Аш-Шош вилояти. Аннотация. В статье анализируются исторические сведения об области Аш- Шаш на основе произведения Ибн Асама аль-Куфия «Китаб аль-футух» («Книга о завовевании стран»). Опорные слова и выражения: арабы, ислам, Арабский халифат, завоевание, Цен- тральная Азия, область Аш-Шаш. From the ancient times in the East appeared a lot of scholars who made a valuable contribution with their works to the world civilization. It’s important to introduce their heritage to the world science. Books related to Islamic history play significant role while researching history of Central Asia. Some of them contain valuable information not only about history of the Islamic world, but also about history of the Central Asian region, such as at-Tabari’s “Tarikh al-Umam wa-l- Muluk”, Ibn al-Athir’s “Al-Kamil fi-t-Ta’rikh” and al-Baladhuri’s “Futuh al- Buldan”. “Kitab al-Futuh” by Ibn A’tham al-Kufi also gives us large scale of background about the routes of the Arabs to Central Asia. However, the book is not learned fully in the source studies and not well known among historians. Abu Muhammad Ahmad ibn ‘Ali ‘A‘tham al-Kufi al-Kindi al-Akhbari is con- sidered to be Arabian historian who is not learned fully. There is almost no infor- mation about his birth data. It was suppused that he dead in 314 A.H. (926 A.D.)1 His only book which is extant at the time is “Kitab al-Futuh”. Even though Yaqut 1 ﺡﻮﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﻪﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﻮﻣﻻﺍ ﺔﻓﻼﳋﺍ ﻦﻋ ﰲﻮﻜﻟﺍ ﻢﺜﻋﺃ ﻦﺑ ﺪﲪﺃ ﺞﻬﻨﻣ .ﻒﺳﻮﻳ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺍ / .2 ﺪﻠﺍ .ﺭﺎﺛﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻧﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺍ .ﺹ 22 .ﻡ2008 65 ORIENTAL STUDIES / SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ 2017, № 4 al-Hamawi in his book “Mu’jam al-Udaba’” said that he had books named “Kitab at-Ta’rikh” and “Kitab al-Ma’luf” as well1. Yaqut al-Hamawi continues giving information about his biography. It’s said that Ibn A’tham confessed al-Shi‘a direction of Islam and the Hadiths he had narrated were zaiyf (which are not trustful). In “Mu’jam al-Udaba’” there is a poem as well written by Ahmad al-Bayhaqi which gives description of Ibn A‘tham al-Kufi. “Kitab al-Futuh” by Ibn A’tham consists of three parts and includes historical events from the time of the caliph Abu Bakr till the reign of the ‘Abbasid caliph al-Musta‘in (866). Only one manuscript of the first part includes the backgrounds till the time of the caliph ‘Uthman; it is stored in the library Gotha in Germany (No. 1592)2. Manuscripts of the first and the third parts are stored in the library Sultan Ahmad III in Istanbul (No. A1956/1−2)3. Information used in this article is based on the last edition of the book (Bayrut, 1991) and especially the parts related to the region of al-Shash were taken as the main source. “Kitab al-Futuh” by Ibn A‘tham is not researched fully by scholars. Chapters related to the Khazar’s history have been researched by D. M. Dunlop, D. Ludwig and M. I. Artamonov. Z. M. Buniyatov translated into Russian the parts related to Azar- baydjan’s history. It’s important to carry out a research on this book because of the lar- ge scale of information about the history of Central Asia included in it and using it as a comparative source. F. Sezgin mentioned that author’s second book named “Kitab at- Ta’rikh” can be continuation of the first work or can be a part of it4. There is some original information about the Central Asian history, which is not the same with the datra of the historical works of al-Baladhuri, Ibn al-Athir and at-Tabari. Bal‘ami while translated the book of at-Tabari used this book widely. In the years 1190–1200 Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abu Nasr Muham- mad al-Mustawfi al-Harawi started translation of this work into Persian and be- cause of his death it was not finished. Translation had been finished by Muham- mad ibn Ahmad al-Mabaronabadi. In 1882–1887 final version of the Persian translation was published in Bombey. The book begins accordingly with Muslim writing traditions such as tahmid (gratefulling God) and describing the Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h) and blessing him and included the reign of the caliph Harun al-Rashid. The book consists of 5 main parts: Ridda event; assassin of ‘Uthman; caliphate of Abu Sufyan; conquests and victories; Karbala descend. Dividing the book into parts like this can not be met in the books of other scholars such as Ibn Hisham, al-Waqidi and al-Mada’ini, who were well known historians in the Muslim world. 1 .ﺹ 202 .ﻡ1993 .ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻟ – ﺕﻭﲑﺑ .ﺀﺎﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﻢﺠﻌﻣ .ﻱﻮﻤﳊﺍ ﺕﻮﻗﺎﻳ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﻬﺷ ﷲﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻮﺑﺍ 2 Pertsch W. Die Arabischen Handschriften der Herzoglichen Bib