Махмуд Тарзи о событиях в Афганистане 1928-1929 гг.

Аннотация

This article is devoted to the experiences of Mahmud Tarzi, the Afghan enlightener, journalist, poet and statesman, in the tragic event, related to the coup d'état of 1928–1929 in the country, and through his poems of this period, his attitude to these events and factors, which led to them. Keywords and expressions: series of poems, reformist government, rebellious, patriotic feelings, enlightenment, modernization, backward society, separatism, ignorance, pessi- mistic feelings, resistance, conservatism, satire. Аннотация. Бу мақолада афғон маърифатпарвар журналисти, шоири ва дав- лат арбоби Маҳмуд Тарзийнинг мамлакатда юз берган 1928–1929 йиллардаги дав- лат тўнтариши билан боғлиқ фожиали воқеаларда бошидан кечирганлари, унинг бу даврда ёзиб қолдирган шеърлари таҳлили орқали алломанинг бу воқеаларга, уларни келтириб чиқарган омилларга бўлган муносабати ёритилади. Таянч сўз ва иборалар: шеърий туркум, ислоҳотчи ҳукумат, қўзғолончилар, ва- танпарварлик ҳислари, маърифатпарварлик, янгиланиш, қолоқ жамият, сепаратизм, жаҳолат, пессимистик кечинмалар, муқовимат, консерватизм, сатира. Аннотация. В данной статье рассказывается о злоключениях Махмуда Тарзи, афганского просветителя, журналиста, поэта и государственного деятеля, в пе- риод трагических событый, связанных с государственным переворотом 1928–1929 годов в стране. Через исследования его стихотворений данного периода освещает- ся отношение автора к этим событиям и факторам, приведшим к ним. Опорные слова и выражения: цикл поэм, реформаторское правительство, мя- тежники, патриотические чувства, просветительство, модернизация, отсталое общество, сепаратизм, невежество, пессимистические чувства, сопротивление, консерватизм, сатира. “The world in general remembers but few of its famous men. Occasionally a man exists out of his time, and a later age catches up with his ideas. Such a man was Mahmud Tarzi (1865–1933), one of the few Afghans to see beyond the tribalism of his day and dream of an Afghan nation-state.” (Louis Dupree. Mahmud Tarzi: Forgotten Nationalist. American Universities Field Staff. South Asia series. Vol.VIII, No.1, p.1) Mahmud Tarzi, in his series of poems which is a part of the collection Zholidah, Pazhmordah1 (Disheveled, Droopy, further Zholidah), provides readers 1.١٩٣٣ ،لﻮﺒﻥﺎﺘﺳا . ١٩٢٨-١٩٣٢ .ﯼزﺮﻃ دﻮﻤﺤﻡ رﺎﻌﺷا ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻡ .ﻩدﺮﻡﮋﭘ ،ﻩﺪﻴﻟوژ Seddiq Tarzi translated Zholida as Ruffled) and Pazhmorda as Faded and Withered. Tentative Bibliography of Mahmud Tarzi. seddiqrahpoetarzi@yahoo.co.uk 28 ORIENTAL STUDIES / SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ 2017, № 4 with a unique opportunity to become acquainted with some of the details and moral evaluations of crucial events of 1928–1929 in Afghanistan, events which resulted in the downfall of the reformist government and the abdication of King Aman-Allah khan. The poems, as well as the entire collection, have been insuf- ficiently researched because of poor access to this work1. This series of poems, characterized by the author as Khaatiraate khataraate Afghanistaan (Memoirs of Dangers facing Afghanistan), contains 29 works of va- rious genres (16 qit’a, 8 rubaai, 1 ghazal, 1 dubayti, 2 short masnawi and a qit’a- tazmin). All the poems express the experiences and feelings of the poet during December 14, 1928 – March 5, 1929, which indicates the first day of attack of Ka- bul by the rebellious and the last day before his leaving Herat for Iran. Mahmud Tarzi himself formed this collection of poems as well as the series Khaatiraate khataraate Afghanistaan (further ‘Khaatiraat’) noting that the order should not be changed by others. If the order was to be changed, the poems might lose their particular background, because “each poem written [in this collection] is directly connected to the events of the same day, month, year, the same time and conditions which are indicated in the footnote of the certain poem” (Zholidah, P.III). He tried to emphasize that the content of these poems is private, very indi- vidual. “These pieces of poetry are a voice of the veins and sinews of my brain, heart, even of all my being which was shaken by everyday events of the wrong world; shouts of my being were written down in the pocket notebook at the same year, the same time, the same conditions” (Zholidah, P. III). Seemingly, Mahmud Tarzi felt bad that his poems might be misunderstood and interpreted inappropriately. That is why he warned readers that they may not experience the same feelings which he felt as he created his poems. He considered that a poem “is a thing which can feel and understand the poet himself, not other people! Therefore it was said, ‘The mind is within the heart of the poet.’ This is precisely true” (Zholidah. – P. IV). The reader may understand the concern of the poet while reading this series of 1 A notice about literary works of Mahmud Tarzi in Istanbul during the last years of his life can be found in the research of Louis Dupree (Louis Dupree. Mahmud Tarzi: Forgotten Nationalist. American Universities Fie