Научное наследие великого мыслителя Абу Райхана Беруни

Аннотация

The article is dedicated to scientific heritage of the great encyclopedial scientist Abu Raykhan Beruni. There given information about his role in world's science and books written by him. As well as, there given analysis of Berunis scientific activity and common points in works of another scientists of his time. Keywords and expressions: genius, thinker, heritage, science, scientific works, practice, mind, criticize, nature, theory of knowledge, manuscript. Аннотация. Бу мақола улуғ қомусий аллома Абу Райҳон Берунийнинг илмий ме- роси ҳақида. Мақолада Абу Райҳон Берунийнинг дунё илм-фанига қўшган ҳиссаси ва аллома яратган асарлар ҳақида маълумот берилган. Шунингдек, Берунийнинг ил- мий фаолияти ва унинг фан соҳасидагибошқа мутафаккирларнинг илмий фаолияти билан уйғун жиҳатлари таҳлил этилди. Таянч сўз ва иборалар: аллома, мутафаккир, мерос, илм-фан, илмий ишлар, тажриба, билим, танқид, табиат,билиш назарияси, қўлёзма. Аннотация. Эта статья о научном наследии великого энциклопедиста мысли- теля Абу Райхана Беруни. В статье отмечен вклад ученого в мировую науку. А также, проведен сравнительный анализ научной деятельности ученого. Опорные слова и выражения: учёный, мыслитель, наследие, наука, научная дея- тельность, опыт, знание, критика, природа, теория познания, рукопись. It is difficult to mark the great inventions which were created with scientific value by the great encyclopedia scientist Abu Raykhan Beruni. Only 31 works have been kept to us, in spite of having 150 scientific works of Beruni and his manuscripts which have been kept to us testifies that he left us great heritage. 1 Kennedy H.N. The Great Arab Conquests. How Islam Changed the World We Live In / Chapter 8. The Road to Samarqand. – Cambridge: Da Capo Press, 2007. – P. 230-261. 22 ORIENTAL STUDIES / SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ 2017, № 4 Beruni as a first suggested the new idea about the invention of seas’ theory and Globus of Earth, calculated the radius of the earth and explained the position of space which was vacuum. He mentioned that there was new continent behind the Pacific and Atlantic oceans before Columba’s travel recorded 500 years ago, he created the description of minerals and their origin theory and maintained the subject geodesy. That is why, XI century was called “Beruni’s century” by the historians of natural science all over the world1. Leader representatives of Arabian philosophers of the middle ages especially, intellectuals of Central Asia: Forobiy, Beruni, Ibn Sino, Ulugbek and A. Navoiy thought about the issue of recognizing human and world, human beings are able to recognize the nature and society as well as himself, human beings knowledge begins to develop from sense and intellectuality to idea, human beings mind is active, it is the main weapon of his knowledge, as they told. They mentioned also that human beings knowledge would develop from concrete to abstract2. The factors, which are impacted to human beings intellectuality, have been searched in philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, medicine and law studies. For instance, A. Choriev explained the origin of the human being with the examples of world religion but not from Islam religion textbooks in his book named “Human philosophy”3. However, professor A. Choriev tried to find out the main idea of human conception from the Veda and zardushty. From our point of view, it is better to come up with all world’s religion in studying humanity theory. All philosophical conceptions about human beings historical-natural origin were only in discussions until XIX century and they had no evidence. However this outlook became more important with the gathering of scientific information4. Beruni finished to write his great work called “Memorials from ancient peop- le” in 998-1004 years. Russian translation and Uzbek translation of this book was published in “Fan” publication house in Science Academy of Uzbekistan Republic in 1957. In 1030 he created very interesting work about “Confirming book of imaginative and unimaginative education of the Indians” (shortly “Mulanindian” – “India”)5. This work was published in Russian language in “Fan” publication house in 1963. Beforehand, in 1025 he finished writing the book named “To defi- ne the borders of the place to confirm distance between the living places” (shortly 1 Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президенти Ислом Каримовнинг “Ўрта асрлар Шарқ аллома- лари ва мутафаккирларининг тариҳий мероси, унинг замонавий цивилизация ривожидаги роли ва аҳамияти” мавусидаги халқаро конференциянинг очилиш маросимидаги нутқи. Та- маддун нури, №1, 2015. 6–7-б. 2 Масалан, Абу Наср Форобий ақлий билишни ҳар томонлама асослаб, инсон тафаккури би- лиш қобилиятининг чексизлигини, унинг борлиқни билишдаги ролини, ақл ҳақиқат мезони эканлигини, у илм-фан, маърифат орқали ривожланиб боришини таъкидлайди. 3 Чориев А. Инсон фалсафаси. – Т.: Фан, 2007. 324-б. 4 Қаранг: Чудновский В. Э. Восприятие способностей и формирование личности. – М., 1986. – С. 36. 5 Қаранг: Абу