Известные и неизвестные таланты Мирзо Улугбека

Аннотация

The article is devoted to discuss Mirzo Ulugbek’s talents which not studied enough by scientists and his contribution on innovation and achievements on history, music, poetry, mathematics, architecture as king and scientist. Keywords and expressions: talent, astronomy, mathematics, madrasa, historian. Аннотация. Мазкур мақола Мирзо Улуғбекнинг олимлар томонидан етарлича ўрганилмаган истеъдод қирралари ҳамда унинг шоҳ ва олим сифатида тарих илми, мусиқа ривожи, шеърият, математика ва бунёдкорликдаги янгилик ҳамда ютуқ- ларга қўшган ҳиссасига ҳақида қисқача тўхталиб ўтилади. Таянч сўз ва иборалар: истеъдод, астрономия, математика, мадраса, тарихчи. Аннотация. Эта статья посвящена малоизученным талантам Мирзо Улугбека, а также его вкладу как правителя и ученого в сферах истории, музыки, поэзии, мате- матики и архитектуры. Опорные слова и выражения: талант, астрономия, математика, медресе, историк. Each man has an rare talent. They should only find and work hard on it. Like those people was Ulugbek whose name was given to many places in the Universe: creater on the moon, town, metro station, street, park, National University and 15 ORIENTAL STUDIES / SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ 2017, № 4 others in Uzbekistan, sculptures in Asian and European cities. There was no other king and great scholar as Ulugbek. I wanted to report about known and unknown talents of Mirzo Ulugbek – grandson of Amir Temur. At the end of 20th century Ulugbek’s poetical and musical works were discovered. Historian Muhammad ibn Muhammad Zaman Bukhari wrote his book called “Sea of histories” (Muhit ut tavorikh) that Ulugbek composed melodies like Bulujiy, Shodi- yona, Akhlokiy, Ulusiy, Tabriziy, Usuli Ravon, Usuli Otlig and wrote a scientific book about music. In golden period of Ulugbek’s poetry was always paid attention by poets. He created beautiful poems, too. Alisher Navai remembered Ulugbek’s poems in his book “Majolis un nafois” (Fine assemblies). Among the wall decorations of Mashhad buildings we came across to Ulugbek’s poems: Ey on ki mulki husn ba zeri nigini tust, Sho’xi makun ki chashmi dar badoi kamini tust. I translated from Persian into English: Better to hide lithesome figure, thou are queen of beauty, Thou are Moon to my obscurity, better to forget awesome naughty Mashhad buildings remind that Ulugbek constructed buildings in foreign cities besides of Samarkand and Bukhara. Otherwise he hadn’t poems written on any other’s monument. When the construction of Ulugbek Madrasa was completed, he was 26 years old. He had a big bathroom and Caravansaray built next to his madrasa in order to conditions of merchants in the Silk Road. In “Baburname” Babur wrote that it was the best bathroom he had ever seen1. In front of the madrasa Ulugbek ordered to construct Khanaqah – Reception hall. After two centuries Sherdar madrasa and Tillakari mosque replaced Khanaqah and Caravansaray. Now we can see only Ulugbek madrasa in Registan square. Ulugbek had built two madrasas in Bukhara in 1417 and 1433. On the gate of the madrasa he ordered to write: “To get knowledge is obligatory for every man and woman”. Secular subjects were taught as formal sciences. He completed con- structions in Samarkand which his grandfather Amir Temur began: Bibikhanum congregational mosque, Amir Temur’s mausoleum, Shahizinda-complex of mau- soleums. Kukaldash and Masjidi Muqatta mosques were constructed by Ulug- bek’s initiative. Chil ustun (Forty columns) and Chinnixona (Porcelain hall) were very beautiful. All caravan groups stayed in famous caravansaray built by Ulug- bek. While Ulugbek’s economic reforms were going on Samarkand continued to be trade centre in Silk Road. The result of commercial development was based on Ulugbek’s economic and financial experiences and knowledge. Ulugbek’s coins were used even after his life by people for half century. Amir Temur’s military empire develops as scientific empire in Ulugbek’s reigning. Chingizids’ period is inappropriate to compare with Temurids’ period. As Ulugbek knew history fluen- 1 Заҳириддин Муҳаммад Бобур. Бобурнома. – Т.: Юлдузча, 1990. 9-б. 16 ORIENTAL STUDIES / SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ 2017, № 4 tly he wrote a historical book called “Tarikhi arbaa ulus” (Four nations’ history) dedicated for the countries where four sons of Chingizkhan ruled. This book has importance to study 1213 centuries in Asia. Besides of introduced talents of Ulugbek he shared his services in the develop- ment of mathematics. “Treatise of Ulugbek” and “Treatise about determining one degree of sinus” are belong to the works of Ulugbek. Even construction of his observatory based on precise calculations. Each flight of the stair beyond quadrant was built equally with star degrees. Location of the quadrant was accurate to nort- hern and southern poles. While the Earth goes round towards the east, the position of the observatory faced to next degree of the space. According to famous astronomers’ opinion it was foundation for Europea