Текст научной работы на тему «Понятие психологизма в литературоведении на примере современных арабских и узбекских рассказов»

Аннотация

The article deals with one of the most urgent and disputable problems in the field of literature - the concept of artistic psychology and the history of this issue. The questions of the introduction of the analysis of artistic psychology in literary criticism, the first studies in this area, the theoretical views of Russian and Uzbek literary critics, as well as the attitude to the terminology of artistic psychology and psychological analysis are considered. It also analyzes the analytical, dynamic and typological principles of artistic psychology and their role in the 6 SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ / ORIENTAL STUDIES 2021, № 2 separation of literary types and genres, in particular, the features and development of the genre of psychological storytelling in modern Arabic and Uzbek literature. The literature of every nation has its own stage of development. In addition, when we study the stages of development of the literature of each country, we can observe to some extent the influence of the literature of other near and relatively distant countries at each stage. The links and interaction of Uzbek literature with Arabic literature have a long history, and these literary ties continue to this day. If our ancestors from ancient times were familiar with the world famous work of Arabic literature "One Thousand and One Nights", then with the works of the great Uzbek thinkers and encyclopedists who lived in the early Middle Ages and the Middle Ages and wrote most of their scientific and literary works in Arabic in the genres prose and poetry have made significant contributions to the development of genres of Arabic literature. This is also reflected in the commonality of Islamic culture, religious traditions, Eastern philosophy, lifestyle as well as the works and ideas of European modernists who influenced the literature of the two peoples. These common features are important for a comparative study of the similarities in the literature of two peoples, the evolution of literary genres, the commonality of the subject and idea. Common themes in modern Arabic and Uzbek literature, the similarity of plots and images, the similarity of the literary style require a comparative typological and comparative historical study of the traditions of oriental literature and literary processes. In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, artistic psychology and psychological storytelling in Arabic and Uzbek literature were ahead of other genres in their development. First of all, such psychological stories vividly describe the problems of modern society and complex aspects of human destiny. Keywords and expressions: artistic psychologism, artistic image, psychological analysis, psychoanalysis, analytical principle, dynamic principle, typological principle, epic, lyrics, drama. Бадиий асарларда кўтарилаётган муаммолар, ўқувчи эътиборига ва хук- мига ҳавола қилинаётган масалалар – бадиий асар мавзуси ва мазмуни бевосита асар яратилган давр ижтимоий муҳити билан чамбарчас боғлиқдир. Маълум бир давр ва унинг вакиллари ҳақида қизиқарли ва муҳим воқеаларни тўхтовсиз сўзлаш мумкин, аммо воқеаларнинг шунчаки баёни бадиий асар даражасига кўтарилиши учун ижодкор турли бадиий тасвир воситаларидан фойдаланган холда воқеалар баёнини санъат асари даража- сига олиб чиқади. Асардаги бадиий образ характерини чуқур ва тўлиқ очиб беришда муаллиф бадиий тасвир воситалари билан бир қаторда психологик тасвир воситаларидан ҳам фойдаланди. Маълумки, асарда муаллиф томо- нидан қаҳрамон ички дунёсига чуқур кириб бориш, образ руҳий оламининг батафсил тавсифи, қалб кечинмаларининг тасвири – “бадиий психологизм” деб юритилади. Психологизм атамаси психологик таҳлил, психологик тасвир, психологик образ, психологик роман, психологик ҳикоя ва психо- логия каби атамалар билан боғлиқ. А. Б. Есин таъбири билан айтганда, бадиий психологизм – бу асар персонажининг хаёлот олами, фикрлари, мулоҳазаларининг ўзига хос бадиий воситалардан фойдаланган холда жуда тўлиқ, батафсил ва чуқур ифодалаб бериш1. 1 http://www.litmind.ru/milits-616-1.html 7 SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ / ORIENTAL STUDIES 2021, № 2 Рус адабиётшунослик илмида руҳият мавзусида биринчилардан бўлиб тадқиқот олиб борган Н.Г. Чернышевский психологик таҳлил хилма-хил бўлиши мумкин дейди ва бир муаллиф характер қирраларини очиб беришга уринса, бошқаси – характер шаклланишига жамият ва турмуш таъсирини кўрсатиб беради; учинчиси – хатти-ҳаракатларнинг ҳис-туйғулар билан алоқадорлигини; тўртинчиси – эҳтирослар таҳлили тасвирлайди1. Рус адабиётшунослигига психологизм тушунчаси қарийб икки юз йил аввал кириб кетган бўлсада, лекин бу муаммони илм дунёсига олимлар А.А. Потебней, Д.Н. Овсянико-Куликовский олиб кирган, адабиётшунос- ликда М.М. Бахтин, JI.Я. Гинзбург, А.Б. Есин, Д.С. Лихачев, психология фанида эса Л.С. Выготский, И.В. Страховый, Г.Г. Граник, О.В. Соболева томонидан чуқур тадқиқ қилинган. Адабиётда психологизмнинг ривожланиш тарихини тавсифлаб, адабиёт- шунос олим Л.Я.Гинзбург “мавжуд