К историографии торгово-экономических отношений между Бухарским эмиратом и Афганистаном в начале XIX-XX вв.

Аннотация

This article devates and analyzes information on trade and economic relations between the Emirate of Bukhara and Afghanistan in the works of tourists, ambassadors, diplomatic officials and researchers during the 19th and early 20th centuries. In particular, the article by Gabaidulla Amirov, published in the journal «Aziatskiy Vestnik» in 1825, examines the important aspects of Bukhara-Afghanistan trade relations at the time, as well as the activities of Bukhoro traders in other cities, such as Herat, Kabul, and shopping centers in Afghanistan. This article examine caverfully the wook of E.K. Meindorf one of the naturalist (or scientist) from the expedition led by A.F. Negri in the Emerate Bukhara in 1820-1821. The informations about agricultural cotton, which produced in connection with foreign trade of Bukhara to Afganistan and the trade routes passes through Balkh to Kabul and through Bukhara to Herat, is highlighted in. The article notes that the special attention has paid to the trade relations between the Emerate of Bukhara and Afganistan since the 1930. In the work of Russian orientalist P.S. Savelyev analyzes the role of Bukhara in the trade relations of the eastern states and the three caravan routes passed through Bukhara to Iran and Afganistan. In this period Burns, who was sent to Central Asia on a special mission from the British government at that time, will examine the issue of the Afghans in Bukhara, P.I. Demezon, who was sent as an ambassador to Bukhara in 1833-1834, and the information collected by the Russian officer I.V. Vitkevich in 1835-1836, were investigated. N.V. Hanikov's work in the 40s of the 19th century examines information about goods imported from Bukhara from Afghanistan, as well as trade convoys between Bukhara and Kabul, as well as trade goods. In addition, their trade activity, and especially the Lohanians, the Afghan tribes living in the Ghazna district. Since the 50s of the 19th century, Russia has attached great importance to the study of the relations of Central Asian khanates with Afghanistan. Moreover, traditional goods from Bukhara to Kabul, such as silk, goat wool and wool, had based on research by P. Nebolsin, a member of the Russian Geographic Society. The Russian, copper, pot, crust, knives, scissors, tin, leather, razor, gold yarn, cashmere the so-called red paint, lightweight silk fabrics, and velvet are also included, and the distance between Bukhara and Afghanistan had discussed. In the studies of the second half of the 19th - the beginning of the 20th century, in particular, A. Vamberi, M.I. Venyukov, V.G. Grigorev, V.I. Masalskiy, M.A. Terentev, A.G. Serebrennikov. In the works of Logofet, Gubarevich-Radobilsky and others, information on trade relations between the Emirate of Bukhara and Afghanistan had examined, along with reports on socio-political and economic issues in the country. Keywords and expressions: tourist, ambassador, trade relations, markets, caravan- serai, “Sentral Asia’s most important trade warehouse”, afgans, lohani, povinda, cotton. 120 SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ / ORIENTAL STUDIES 2019, № 3 Ҳозирги даврдаги Ўзбекистон билан Афғонистон ўртасидаги яқин дўстлик, савдо-иқтисодий ва маданий алоқалар ўзининг ўтмиш тарихига эга. Тарихга назар ташласак, XVIII аср ўрталарида ташкил топган Афғонистон давлати билан Ўрта Осиё хонликларининг сиёсий, иқтисодий ва маданий соҳадаги муносабат- лари жадал олиб борилганлигига амин бўламиз. Бизгача етиб келган манбалар, сайёҳлар ва элчиларнинг маълумотлари ҳамда илмий адабиётларда Бухоро амирлиги билан Афғонистон ўртасидаги муносабатлар ўз аксини топган. XIX-XX асрнинг бошларида Бухоро амирлиги билан Афғонистон ўртасида олиб борилган савдо-иқтисодий алоқалар ёритилган асарларга назар ташласак, уларда Бухоронинг муҳим савдо маркази эканлиги ҳамда Афғонистондаги мар- казий савдо шаҳарлари тўғрисидаги маълумотларни учратиш мумкин. Икки дав- лат ўртасидаги муносабатлар воқеалар гувоҳлари томонидан, хусусан, сайёҳлар, элчилар, махсус топшириқ билан Ўрта Осиё ва Афғонистонда бўлган амалдор- лар ва тадқиқотчилар томонидан ёзиб қолдирилган. Аммо, Бухоро амирлиги билан Афғонистон ўртасидаги савдо-иқтисодий муносабатларига бағишланган яхлит кўринишдаги тадқиқотга эга эмасмиз. Аксарият асарларда Бухоро-Афғо- нистон муносабатларининг сиёсий, иқтисодий, маданий жиҳатлари ёритилган. Мазкур мақолада икки қўшни давлат ўртасида давом этган савдо алоқалари ёритилган тадқиқотларни таҳлил қилишга ҳаракат қиламиз. XVIII аср охирлари ва XIX асрнинг бошларида 30 йилдан ортиқ Шарқ мамлакатлари бўйлаб саёҳат қилган Габайдулла Амиров томонидан тўпланган маълумотлар Бухоро амирлиги билан Афғонистон ўртасидаги савдо муносабат- лари жўшқин давом этганлигига гувоҳ бўламиз. Унинг хабарлари 1825 йил «Азиатский Вестник» журналида босилиб чиққан1. Г.Амировнинг маълумотла- рига кўра, Бухоронинг ташқи савдо алоқаларида Ҳирот, Кобул аҳолиси алоҳида роль ўйнаган. Масалан, у Кобулда бўлганида шаҳарнинг савдоси билан яқиндан танишади ва ё