Жанровый состав корейской прозы второго периода Чосон

Аннотация

Culture is integral, regarding its meaning in the world of value orientations of the human-being. The Korean literature as any other one is seen as the organic part of culture of the Korean people, the reflection of its people and development. The gist-based prose is different from the European, due to the fact that it emerged on the basis of culture, which did not have the epic tradition. Due to this matter, the main source is the being itself, which substitutes the epos – the historical compilations and collection of livings of the literature «Pkhesol» . The analysis of the history of the middle-aged literature of XVII – XVIII centuries allows to say that its development was supported with the high-quality based ideas and concepts, and also the reality and its production, regarding the perfection of the arts forms, the formation of new genres and the process of sophistication of the gist based lines. The Korean literature of this period is divided into the following items: 1. the high prose and the poetry, based on hanmun, 2. the prose of small forms «pkhesol» on hanmun.3. the literature on the Korean, native language, which was divided into three ranges: upper poetry, middle-average (its own high prose) (diaries and novels) and low prose (the Korean novels). In the XVII century the Korean literature started to get the new concepts, it occurs the transformation of the social role, there are continued the search and creation of new forms, and also the birth of new and transformed old genres. «Pkhesol» of emergence of the prosaic genre «sosol». In the literary Korean thought, which was lack of the genre-based qualification, the term «sosol» united the prosaic works such as the novel, novelette and a tale. The Russian scientists also do not possess with the unique explanation of the term «sosol». Meanwhile, the term «sosol» is seen as the continuation of the genre «pkhesol», which allowed the emergence of new literary opportunities of genre, enriching this very trend, and creating a more unique genre, the high-quality based unique genre of the middle-aged Korean novel, which is seen as the classical novel. The middle-aged novelty is related with the oral people’s creative work, its compositions are related with the rules of the fairy tales, the actions always have 2 (two) polar poles-the suffering of the hero and the lucky end. Such gist-based peculiarity is seen by the imagination of the Korean people about the change of chaos to the harmony. The end of XVII century is characterized as the epoch of birth of the Korean novel (the founder is Kim Mandjun), («The wanderings of Ms. Sa throughout the South» and «The cloudy dream of nine») characterizes an emergence of new genre –«the diary» of the geographic and historical character («The diary of the military adventures» of Li Sunsin, «The diary of 28 SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ / ORIENTAL STUDIES 2019, № 3 adventures to Japan» of Khwan Chin, «The scriptures of adventures to the mount Pektusan» of Pak Chon and others). Keywords and expressions: Korean prose, «pkhesol», story, roman, diary prose, plot, Korean novel, «sosol». Кириш. Ўзбекистон ва Корея Республикаси ўртасидаги ҳамкорлик ҳар томонлама чуқурлашаётган бугунги кунда корейс халқининг анъанавий урф- одатлари ва миллий маданияти жозибасига мамлакатимиз илмий жамоатчи- лигининг қизиқиши кучайиб бормоқда. Бир қатор илмий тадқиқотларда инсон камолотининг бош шарти бўлган жамият ва табиат ўртасидаги уй- ғунликка эришиш имконияти очиб берилмоқда. Корея маданиятининг илдизлари узоқ мозийга бориб тақалади, бу эса ўз- ўзидан битмас-туганмас маданий мерос тарихини ўрганиш, унинг моҳияти- ни ёритиб бериш вазифасини кун тартибига қўяди. Шу нуқтаи назардан олиб қараганда, корейс маданиятининг муҳим таркибий қисмларидан бири бўлган бадиий адабиёт, хусусан, ўрта аср мумтоз адабиёти алоҳида аҳамият касб этади. Бадиий асарларда ўз аксини топган XVII–XVIII асрларга хос бўлган адолатли подшо ҳақидаги тасаввурлар, ижтимоий зиддиятлар ва маънавий қадриятларни англаб етиш учун адабий-маданий ҳаёт ҳодисалари- ни илмий жиҳатдан ёритишга зарурат сезилади. Мақсад ва вазифалар: XVII – XVIII асрлар корейс насрининг жанр хусусиятларини очиб бериш. Мазкур даврда яратилган сосол насрий асарлар туркумига кирувчи асарларнинг пхэсол кичик насрий асарлар асосида юзага келганлигини аниқлашдан иборат. Усуллар: Мақолани ёритишда қиёсий-тарихий, қиёсий-типологик, бадиий асарни комплекс таҳлил қилиш, таснифлаш методларидан фойдаланилган. Ўрта аср корейс адабиёти XVII–XVIII асрларда Кореяда юз берган тари- хий воқеа ва ҳодисаларнинг объектив манзарасини гавдалантиришга имкон яратади. Ўз навбатида, у корейс адабиёти ривожланишининг янги қиррала- рини, унда янги жанр ва мавзулар пайдо бўлиши жараёнларини очиб беради. Мазкур жараёнлар реал воқелик билан, шунингдек, юксак маънавиятли ижтимоий шахсни тарбиялашга қаратилган конфуцийчилик анъаналари билан боғлиқ. XVII–XVIII асрларда мамлакат маънавий-маърифий ҳаётга асос бўлган конфуцийчилик жамия