The role of multispiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of ameloblastoma

Аннотация

Benign odontogenic tumors of epithelial origin are a group of diseases that, due to the variety of clinical course, pathomorphological features and various treatment options, are of great interest to clinicians. Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor with an aggressive clinical course, which is formed from an odontogenic epithelium in a mature fibrous stroma devoid of odontogenic ectomesenchyma. Materials and method. The purpose of the study: to study the MSCT semiotics of ameloblastoma. We examined 20 patients with ameloblastoma. The age of the patients was 20-33 (2±1.2). Among them, 12 patients were women, 8 patients were men. Multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) was performed in spiral mode on the Somatom Emotion 64 device (Siemens, Germany). MSCT with contrast was performed after a native study with the introduction of a contrast agent (nonionic contrast agent Unigexol (2 ml/ kg Unigexol 350 mg iodineR/meslu, ltUs.nique Pharmaceutical Laboratories, India) with subsequent scanning. At MSCT, small tumors were detected in 8 patients (40%) characterized only by marginal contrast enhancement, in 12 patients (60%) – large volumetric formations spreading beyond the bone, containing a solid component that moderately accumulates contrast, and low-density cystic areas. All 20 patients (100%) had no spread beyond the bone. MSCT in the bone window: 8 patients (40%) had a single¬chamber, the remaining 12 patients (60%) had a multi-chamber volumetric formation with scalloped edges. The type of "bubbles" was visualized in 7 patients (35%), but this was not a pathognomonic sign of ameloblastoma. Also in our study, 3 patients (15%) had a connection with an uncut molar, 5 (25%) had resorption of the nearest teeth. In 10 cases (50%) – pronounced thinning of the cortical layer of the lower, in 2 patients (10%) – the upper jaw. An osteolytic focus of low density without matrix mineralization was also observed in 4 (20%) cases. 4