Comparative evaluation of anesthetics and their use in the rural population

Аннотация

The success of modern dentistry is largely due to the development and implementation in practice of new tools and methods that allow painlessly carry out long and large – scale interventions in the oral cavity. The most effective and safe way of anesthesia on an out- patient dental reception is local anesthesia. For the time being. The most effective of them are recognized drugs created on the basis of articaine, due to the peculiarities of its phar- macokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The articaine containing products produced by various foreign companies and is known for its proprietary trade names: al-fakin (Dens- ply, France), Articaine of INIBSA (Inibsa, Spain), Prilocain (Russia), Primaquin (France), Septanest (Septodont, France), Ubistesin (ZM ESPE, Germany), Ultracain (Sanofi-Aventis, Germany), Cytokeratin (Italy). The main component of all these drugs is a local anesthetic – articaine, which determines, on the one hand, the General features of the action of all these drugs, and on the other-their distinctive features in comparison with drugs created on the basis of lidocaine or mepivacaine. Articaine, lidocaine and mepivacaine are international nonproprietary names (INN), which are indicated along with trade names (E. V. Zoryan, S. A. Rabinovich) Key words: anesthetics, rural population, articaine Introduction: local anesthetics are to achieve anesthesia of the necessary tis- substances that, when interacting with sue area, and all other effects of its action nerve fibers and their endings, can revers- are considered as side effects. To do this, ibly inhibit the formation and conduction we need to know the objective assessment of nerve impulses on them. The effect of of the anesthetic. local anesthesia depends not only on the The aim of our study was: to Study the properties and concentration of the drug, features-actions* of modern domestic ar- but also on the thickness of the myelin ticaine-containing anesthetic «Supercain» sheath of the nerve fiber that prevents the to improve the efficiency and safety of lo- penetration of the anesthetic through the cal anesthesia by introducing into dental cell membrane. Search and improvement practice. Experimentally and clinically jus- of methods of local anesthesia is one of tify the advantages and disadvantages of the most important tasks of modern den- anesthetics. Find the optimal use of local tistry. The main task of local anesthesia is anesthetics in the rural population. 94 SCIENCE ,RESEARCH ,DEVELOPMENT №17 Materials and methods of research: Third criterion: the connection with 1.Clinical examination of patients. the blood supply and toxicity. The degree 2.Statistical methods of processing the of binding to plasma proteins determines results of the study. the half-life of the drug, the duration of its 3. Laboratory research methods. presence in the body. The higher this fig- For the study were taking 30 patients, ure, the less toxic the anesthetic has, since which we divided into 3 groups. In group it can be absorbed into the blood only in I the anesthetic Articaine was used. In the free form, and the longer the anesthetic second group used the drug superchain effect. All groups of compounds with Forte. In group III, was used in the prepa- blood proteins is 95%, it gives us a full ration supercam.all these drugs are ge- right to say that the toxicity of these drugs neric drug Ubistesin. Ubistesin combined is reduced to a minimum. preparation for local anesthesia in den- The fourth criterion: dissociation con- tistry. Part of it, the articaine is a local stant (CD) characterizes the degree of anesthetic of the amide type titanovoe hydrolysis and ionization of the anesthet- group. Due to the low content of epineph- ic and depends on its chemical structure, rine in the drug, its effect on the cardio- solubility and pH of tissues at the injec- vascular system is expressed little: there is tion site. almost no increase in blood pressure and At physiological pH (7.4), the lower the an increase in the heart rate. Articaine anesthetic CD, the less molecules dissociate with submucosal administration in the in the extracellular environment and the oral cavity has a high diffuse ability. Ac- more – inside the cells. For example: CD li- tive substances to a minimum extent docaine and mepivacaine is 7.7, which penetrate the placental barrier, practically means that 65 % of the anesthetic is ionized do not stand out with breast milk. in the extracellular environment, and 35% The results of the study: there Were reach the cytoplasm, where the anesthetic several criteria by which the patient’s con- effect is realized (the rate of anesthesia – dition and the action of the anesthetic 2-4 minutes).As it is told in the summary of were evaluated. The first criterion: the preparations at all groups of tested anesthet- time of anesthesia. In group I patients, the ics it is revealed that CD is equal to 7,8. anesthetic action began after administra- Conclusions: the results o