Несъемное протезирование на зубных имплантах

Аннотация

Dental implantatsiyada qisman va to'liq adentiyali tishlarni ortopedik davolash bu protezlashdir. Usullarning rivojlanishi - shikastlanishni kamaytirish, harajatlarni kamaytirish, davolanish muddatini qisqartirish va tuzilmalarning xizmat muddatini uzaytirish yo'li bilan amalga oshiriladi. Ushbu tadqiqotning maqsadi qisman va to'liq adentiyada implantlarda protez samaradorligini tahlil qilishdir. Tadqiqot ob'ektida qisman yoki to'liq adentiyaga ega bo'lgan 42ta bemor olindi. Protezlash bir bosqichli yoki ikki bosqichli usulda implantlar qo`yilganidan keyin amalga oshirildi. Implantlarda protezlashda - usullarini ishlab chiqish, shikastlanishni kamaytirish, harajatlarni kamaytirish, kutish vaqtini qisqartirish samaradorligi amalga oshiradi. Kalit soz: olib qo`yilmaydigan protezlash, ikkilamchi adentiya, tish implantatlari, davolash, antibakterial moddalar, osteointegratsiya. R elevance. Mass infection of the modern population with dental diseases such as caries and periodontitis leads to the loss of a significant number of teeth, starting from an early age. Analysis of data on the frequency of dental defects in the adult population of the Republic of Uzbekistan showed that partial and complete secondary adentia occurs in 68.8% of the examined patients. At the same time, the largest percentage of missing teeth by group affiliation were molars (70.2%). The appearance of defects in the dentition contributes to the violation of its integrity, which means that the performance of functions, including chewing and aesthetic]. Restoration of dentition is performed most often by orthopedic means or is not performed at all. The objective reasons for the latter fact can be considered fear of extensive interventions, unwillingness to "grind" healthy teeth, high cost of work, insufficient duration of use of prostheses. Currently, methods that can provide an alternative to orthopedic prosthetics are being used and improved. Designs on implants implanted in the alveolar bone are becoming increasingly popular. Despite the vast number of publications that still cover various aspects of the theory and practice of implantology, there are still little-studied questions that require answers. In particular, data on the need 5-³èñì | Ìàõñóñ ñîí 863 Áèîìåäèöèíà âà àìàëè¸ò æóðíàëè / Æóðíàë áèîìåäèöèíû è ïðàêòèêè / Journal of biomedicine and practice ¹SI / 2020 for such treatment in certain age groups, the frequency of errors and complications are poorly covered. There is clearly insufficient information about the role of the dentist in the preparation and management of patients with implants and subsequent prosthetics. A number of people who have removable dentures in the oral cavity refuse to perform two-stage implantation, which is performed in several surgical stages and requires a long waiting time, usually from 6 months or more. The method of one-stage implantation with immediate loading allows the patient to install implants and fixed orthopedic structures without the use of bone augmentation and sinus lifting, directly into the wells of the removed teeth after the operation of their removal. Prosthetics are performed within 3-7 days after surgery. However, old age is not a contraindication for this type of implantation. Purpose of research. Analysis of the effectiveness of prosthetics on implants in partial and complete adentia. Material and research methods. The object of the study was 62 patients who underwent implantation operations in the surgical room followed by the installation of fixed prostheses. A total of 143 implants were introduced. Single-stage implantation surgery was performed in 45 patients who had 95 implants integrated, 17 patients had two-stage implantation and 48 implants integrated. In the study groups, women made up 48%, men-52%, while 47.5% - patients under the age of 45 years, 52.5% - over 45 years. About 50% of individuals suffered from complete secondary adentia, 46% had chronic generalized periodontitis, with partial adentia, the included defects of the dentition were 41.9%, and the end defects were 58.1%. Determination of indications for the choice of treatment method in each case was carried out after a diagnostic assessment: anamnesis (General, special); examination of soft and hard tissues; assessment of dental and periodontal status; functional diagnostics; analysis of models; radiography. We studied the causes of tooth loss (caries, periodontopathies, trauma, tumor); the prognosis of implantological intervention depending on the cause of tooth loss; the prognostic assessment of teeth preserved in the bite and their orthopedic significance in conjunction with the implantation prognosis. A General treatment plan was drawn up. The plan of orthopedic treatment is focused on restoring lost structures, functions and aesthetics; preventing the progression of pathological processes; preserving existing tissue structures (hard tooth tissue, bone, soft tissue); long-term functional usefulness of the ort