Prevention and treatment of inflammatory complications of dental implantation

Аннотация

Dental implantation is the most relevant, promising and demanded direction in modern dentistry and prosthetics. According to statistical studies, the prevalence of dentition defects reaches 80% among the working-age population of Uzbekistan. These indicators indicate a high need of the population for orthopedic and surgical care. That is why dental implantation is so relevant today. Despite the many advantages, the rapid development and improvement of technologies, modern implantation has a significant drawback - complications in the postoperative period. As a result, the issue of developing preventive measures to reduce the risk of complications in the postoperative period during dental implantation is of great importance. Key words: adentia, transgingivally, electrogalvanic, osteoradionecrosis, idiopathic diseases, malignant tumors, dental implantation. In many countries, the number of patients with fixed dentures on implants is increasing. Each manufacturer, producing implants, makes various changes in their shape or metal composition, which affect the primary stabilization and osseointegration of the implant. In this regard, there are various types of implants. Depending on the shape of the intraosseous part, most dental implants can be divided into implants, to one degree or another, repeating the shape of the tooth root (cylindrical, screw, plate, combined). By design, they can be non-collapsible and collapsible. Depending on the material and surface structure - ceramic and metal, porous and compact, smooth, textured or bioactive. Depending on the installation technique, implants can be one- and two-stage. In addition, the methods of placing implants in the alveolar processes of the jaws are being changed and modified, namely: the incision and formation of the implant bed, transgingivally - directly through the mucosa. The listed techniques also affect the recovery time and the final result of the implantation operation. Purpose of the study: To describe a set of preventive measures that help minimize the risk of complications in the postoperative period during dental implantation. Research objectives: To describe a set of preventive measures that help reduce the risk of complications in the postoperative period during dental implantation. Materials and methods of research: We studied 23 patients with secondary adentia on the basis of the clinic of surgical dentistry of the Tashkent State Dental Institute. All patients underwent clinical and radiological research methods Results and discussion: Indications for implantation are: dentition defects, complete adentia, inability to use removable dentures, for example, due to allergies or gag reflex. Contraindications to implantation are divided into several large groups, general contraindications are serious diseases of various organ systems, as well as drug addiction, alcoholism and a number of infectious diseases. I would like to pay special attention to absolute local contraindications for dental implantation, which are: 1) malignant tumors, benign tumors and tumor-like formations of the maxillofacial region; 2) osteoradionecrosis; 3) the presence of precancerous diseases of the red border of the lips or oral mucosa; December | 2020 28 CUTTING- EDGE SCIENCE 4) the presence of clinical symptoms of metal intolerance; 5) severe form of generalized periodontitis or periodontal disease; 6) idiopathic diseases with progressive damage to periodontal tissues (Papillon- Lefebvre syndrome); 7) low hygienic culture of the patient and his unwillingness to maintain high hygiene of the oral cavity. A number of diseases, bad habits and other contraindications that are not taken into account during surgery can adversely affect the further process of implant engraftment. To resolve the issue of the possibility of an operation, patients need to undergo a comprehensive examination. It includes the collection of anamnesis, general clinical analyzes, in particular, a general blood test and a general urine test, an examination of the oral cavity - an assessment of the condition of the teeth, alveolar processes, mucous membranes, the type of bite, the state of oral hygiene. Also, during the examination, it is necessary to carry out an X-ray examination of the dentition using the methods of X-ray and computed tomography. This method makes it possible to assess a number of important indicators: the condition of the jaw bones, their density, the nature of the trabecular pattern, the type of maxillary sinuses, the height and width of the alveolar processes, the degree of their atrophy, the distance between the alveolar edge and the bottom of the maxillary sinus or the mandibular canal. An important link in the planning of the operation is instrumental examination, namely, measuring the width of the alveolar processes, determining electrogalvanic potentials using dissimilar metals, and conducting stereolithography. I would like to focus on the mandatory rehabilitation of the oral