ANALYSIS OF A LITERARY WORK THROUGH THE AUTHOR’S TRACE

Аннотация

The article examines the method of “analysis through the author’s trace” as one of the effective approaches to studying a literary work in school and higher literary pedagogy. This method makes it possible to trace the writer’s creative intention and reconstruct the cause-and-effect relationships between the author’s biography, the historical and cultural context, and the content of the text. Special attention is given to the stages of analysis: reconstructing the author’s position, identifying artistic dominants, and determining the author’s worldview and aesthetic orientations. The significance of this method in forming reading competence as well as developing the analytical and critical thinking of students is highlighted. Keywords: author’s intention, literary analysis, literary education, context, interpretation, methodology of teaching literature. In the modern system of literary education, one of the most effective methods for deeply mastering a literary work is the technique of “analysis through the author’s trace.” This approach focuses on studying the text in relation to the author’s conceptual intention, the idea, and the artistic structure of the work. The method of analyzing a literary text through the author’s trace is a scientific and methodological approach that opens a path to deep and systematic mastery of a literary work. A special role in the development of this method belongs to K.O. Bitibayeva, whose methodological ideas remain relevant in modern literary education. Consistent application of this method contributes to the development of students’ skills in working with literary texts, shaping aesthetic taste, and enabling deep perception of the work. The method of analyzing a literary work “through the author’s trace” occupies a special place in contemporary methodology of teaching literature. It aims to reveal the deeper meanings of the text by understanding the author’s worldview, creative style, and individual vision of the world. Such an approach helps students form a holistic understanding of the literary work and strengthens the connection between the text and the personality of its creator. In school literary education, the key activity is reading and analyzing a literary text. Teaching reading and analyzing a literary work constitutes the main task of the literature teacher. Reading and analysis are inseparable: analysis of a literary text is impossible without reading it. Reading depends on the individual efforts of each student – on their ability to perceive and understand the text, their talents, thinking, and worldview. The main task of the teacher when teaching reading of literary texts is to increase students’ interest and motivation and to cultivate a genuine reader. The most effective way to achieve this is to constantly consider students’ opinions, listen to their thoughts, interact with them, and provide systematic tasks and materials in advance, rather than simply introducing new topics during the lesson. Analysis of a literary work is carried out with the participation of the entire class. Through this process, the teacher becomes acquainted with the perspectives and thoughts of the majority of readers. 94 Dekabr, 2025-Yil If reading is an individual activity performed by the student personally, then analysis is conducted with the guidance and organization of the teacher. The method of analyzing a literary work through the author’s trace has become one of the most effective approaches in modern literary education. This method emphasizes the study of a text in correlation with the author’s worldview, creative intention, biographical background, and the historical-cultural context in which the work was produced. By tracing the author’s ideas and artistic choices, students develop the ability to perceive a literary text not only as a narrative, but as a complex artistic system shaped by the writer’s personality, values, and aesthetic principles. The author-trace method allows learners to reconstruct the internal logic of the text, understand the motivation behind characters’ actions, and uncover the symbolic and thematic layers embedded in the work. It also fosters deeper reader engagement, enhances interpretative skills, and contributes to the formation of critical and analytical thinking. As a pedagogical tool, this method helps to build a holistic understanding of a literary work by aligning textual analysis with the author’s creative path and ideological position. During analysis, individual work is combined with collective and group work, complementing one another toward one goal: 1. To introduce the student to the perception of a literary work and its emotional impact, and to develop these emotions. 2. To form the aesthetic perception of the work as a piece of art. 3. To develop students’ cognitive abilities and thinking through analysis of the literary text. 4. To teach methods of textual analysis, including examining the theme, system of images, language, and o