Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: current views. Review.

Аннотация

Atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular diseases are still an urgent problem of modern medicine. The WHO Global Health Estimates show, that they are the leading cause of death and have been the leading cause of death globally for 20 years. Patterns of atherosclerosis pathogenesis are requiring further development, because understanding the mechanisms of disease development has one goal: to find effective treatment in terms of targeting important parts of pathogenesis. Keywords: atherosclerosis, pathogenesis, theories. Introduction. Researchers worldwide continue to consider atherosclerosis as a priority problem. The reason for this fact is that cardiovascular diseases associated with it, according to the WHO Global Health Estimates, are the first leading causes of death in the world. Also, heart and vascular diseases have continued to lead among the causes of death in the world's population for 20 years [1]. The economic component of this issue is very important, as cardiovascular disease usually affects people of a mature age. They have a great potential in terms of social opportunities. It may be added that, for the most part, these diseases, which lead to high mortality rates, are also responsible for the loss of many years of healthy life. Disability and mortality in this group of society have a negative effect on the human resources for economic development [2, 3]. In Uzbekistan, the problems of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease were brought to the attention of the President of Uzbekistan, Sh.M. Mirziyoyev, at a videoconference held on 9 November 2021 on the troubling issues of morbidity and mortality from this pathology, which has reached a value of 53% of total mortality [3, 4]. In 2021, 174,500 people died in Uzbekistan. Of these, more than 60% died of diseases of the cardiovascular system. This is based on data from the State Statistics Committee [5]. The timeliness and relevance of researchers' attention to this topic are very clear. The problems of etiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis demand in-depth scientific study, as understanding the current mechanisms of disease development has a single goal: the search for effective treatment in terms of targeting important links in pathogenesis. Scientific work in this area of medicine worldwide is very active and varied, as is the heated discussions on the various mechanisms of the atherosclerotic process [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]. 113 SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS AND TRENDS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH International scientific online conference Based on the aforesaid, it seemed important and hopefully useful for the interested reader to describe the current views on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, using the literature of recent years.