GREEN CONSTRUCTION AS A TOOL FOR REDUCING NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Аннотация

The article examines the concept of green construction as a key direction of sustainable development within the framework of the “Green Economy” strategy. The main sources of environmental impact caused by construction activities are analyzed, including air, soil, and water pollution. Keywords: green construction, ecology, sustainable development, energy efficiency, environmental footprint, green economy. Introduction. Current trends in the development of the global economy are determined by the transition to a model of sustainable development and a "green" economy, which is based on the rational use of natural resources and the minimization of anthropogenic impact on the environment. One of the most resource-intensive and environmentally significant industries is construction, which, according to estimates by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), accounts for up to 40% of global energy consumption, 30% of greenhouse gas emissions and more than 35% of solid waste generation [1-2]. In these conditions, the development of "green building" as one of the effective tools for reducing the negative impact of construction activities on ecosystems and climate is becoming particularly relevant. The relevance of the study is due to the need for the transition of the construction complex to environmentally friendly and energy- efficient technologies that will reduce the carbon footprint and ensure compliance with international standards of sustainable development. Against the background of global climate change, increasing urbanization and scarcity of natural resources, the application of the principles of "green" construction is becoming not only an environmental, but also a socio-economic priority. For Kazakhstan, which is actively implementing a Green Economy strategy and a program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2060, this area is of particular importance, since construction remains one of the key sources of anthropogenic pressure on the environment [3-4]. The purpose of the study is to analyze the concept of "green construction" as a tool to reduce the negative impact on the environment, to consider international and domestic experience in the implementation of environmental standards and technologies, as well as to develop recommendations for their adaptation in Kazakhstan. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive consideration of green construction not only as a set of technological solutions, but also as a systematic approach to the sustainable development of the construction sector, including 3 1 8 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2025 VOLUME 4 / SPECIAL ISSUE/ UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ environmental, economic and social aspects. For the first time, the relationship between international standards for sustainable design and Kazakhstan's national strategic initiatives for the transition to a green economy is emphasized. The rationale for choosing the topic is determined by the increasing role of environmental modernization of the construction industry in achieving national climate goals and improving the quality of the urban environment. The introduction of environmentally friendly technologies, the use of renewable energy sources, the recycling of construction waste and the use of energy-efficient materials can significantly reduce the impact on air, water and soil, as well as reduce the burden on engineering infrastructure. In addition, "green" buildings provide comfortable living and working conditions for people, improving the microclimate and reducing operating costs [5]. International experience shows that the implementation of the principles of "green" construction contributes not only to environmental protection, but also to the formation of a new economic model. For example, the European Union is implementing Building Energy Efficiency Directives (EPBD), which provide for mandatory design of buildings with near-zero energy consumption. In the USA, the Leed certification system is actively used, focused on reducing resource consumption and improving the quality of the urban environment. In the UK and Germany standards are used, integrating environmental and economic sustainability indicators at all stages of the building's life cycle. These approaches demonstrate the effectiveness of systemic regulation and stimulation of "green" construction at the state level. In Kazakhstan, this direction is at the stage of active development. The Concept of transition to a "green economy" has been adopted, energy efficiency and environmental rationing programs have been developed. The first examples of the use of green standards in the design and operation of buildings are emerging, including certified facilities in Astana and Almaty. However, the potential for the introduction of green technologies remains insufficiently realized due to the limited dissemination of environmental standards, the low level of awareness among developers