STUDYING WORKS BY THEIR GENRE AND SYSTEM OF IMAGES

Аннотация

The article explores the scientific and practical aspects of analyzing literary works through genre characteristics and the system of characters. Each literary genre has its own aesthetic principles, and the system of characters created within it reflects the writer’s worldview, the spirit of the era, and national consciousness. Therefore, studying a work from the perspective of genre and characters not only helps to deeply understand the content of the text but also reveals the author’s skill, artistic style, and creative universe. This article provides teachers, students, and literature enthusiasts with effective methods for literary analysis, encouraging readers to think, feel, and develop their artistic thinking. Keywords: genre, system of characters, literary analysis, literary work, author’s skill, artistic style, aesthetic thinking, literature. In the course “Introduction to Literary Studies,” all the characteristics specific to literary education are studied in detail, while in the course “Foundations of Literary Analysis,” knowledge related to the philological analysis of literary works is thoroughly mastered. In both areas of literary studies, the types and genres specific to literary works, their distinctive features, and systems of images are studied within their respective frameworks. The term genre (derived from the French genre and the Latin genus, meaning “type” in Uzbek) refers to a historically formed internal classification in literature and art, as well as the concept that expresses this classification – denoting specific types of works that possess their own unity of form and content. The division of works of art into genre groups is carried out based on various criteria. Each form of art has its own genre classification system. For example, in literature, a work’s genre characteristics are determined by the literary type it belongs to, its length, and the method of constructing images – such as symbolic, figurative, or documentary representation. In literature, genres are grouped into three main types (see Table 1). Genres Genre Type 1. Epic type Heroic epics, novel, short story, fairy tale 2. Lyric type Qasida, elegy, poem, song 3. Dramatic type Tragedy, drama, comedy The genres within these types are further divided into smaller subcategories according to the theme of the work – for example, domestic or psychological novels; satirical or lyrical comedies; and vaudeville. The concept of “genre” is also characteristic of visual arts. Here, genres are determined primarily by the subject depicted and, in some cases, by the nature of the depiction. Subdivisions within a genre are defined by cognitive aspects of artistic creation, ideological evaluation, and the blending of artistic images. Accordingly, a portrait painter’s perspective is not limited to creating a general portrait; it may also take on satirical or sharply critical forms. In literary studies, genres have undergone various transformations throughout the development of the literary process – becoming more compact or expanding. In accordance with social and spiritual progress, some genres have gained prominence while others have gradually lost their leading position. This tendency toward compactness is still continuing, especially in 151 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 12 epic genres. It is clearly observed in the epic, poem, novel, and novella genres. Just as there is no purely literary form, there is no purely literary genre. The characteristics of one genre may also appear in another, but without claiming dominance. Therefore, considering their similarities and differences, grouping genres by types and uncovering the stable laws governing inter-genre relationships is justified. For instance, all works based on the principle of narration form the epic type. Thus, genres such as the epic, doston, novella, poem, essay, feuilleton, essayistic prose, legend, myth, travelogue, romance story, khamsa, aphorism, hymn, and moral sayings belong to the epic type. In the study of literary works, identifying the genre is a fundamental step toward understanding the artistic nature of the text. Fiction is a form of art that shapes human spirituality, attitudes toward life, and aesthetic taste. Through a literary work, the reader not only learns about a particular event but also feels universal human values such as humanity, patriotism, loyalty, and justice. A deep understanding of a work is closely tied to analyzing its genre nature and system of images. Each genre expresses the author’s worldview, artistic form, and mode of expression in its own unique way. The literary scholar Q. Khusanboyeva stated: “Genre is the soul of a work: it determines both its form and its content.” (2018) Thus, correctly identifying the genre and analyzing the images in relation to one another help reveal the inner essence of the artistic text. At the center of every work stands the human image. Through the image, the author expresses li