Медикаментозная профилактика возрастной макулярной дегенерации

Аннотация

In the databases of evidence-based medicine, studies that study the effectiveness of taking vitamin-mineral complexes indicate a high risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) as a prevention (primary prevention). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of lutein-zeaxanthin vitamin-mineral complex containing preparations in individuals with a high risk of AMD for the prevention of the disease. The material of the study was 98 individuals (196 eyes) from the 1st (main) group with the highest risk of developing AMD, who agreed to participate in the prevention of AMD and 90 individuals (180 eyes) from the 2nd (control) group, for various reasons refused to take the drug, but agreed to participate in condition monitoring. The follow-up period was 3 years. The results of the observation showed that in persons of the 1st group, there was a stability in the indices of visual acuity and field of vision, ophthalmoscopic and tomographic picture of the macular zone during the entire period of observation. Whereas in persons of the 2nd group by the 3rd year of observation, visual acuity worsened by 2.5 times, the total boundaries of the peripheral visual field narrowed by 47.10, relative and absolute scotomas appeared (p<0.05). The appearance of drusen was observed and in 8 eyes (4.44%) a diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration of the retina, early stage, was made. Conclusions. The proposed scheme of drug prevention of persons with the highest risk of developing AMD (Group 1) showed a significantly positive effect on the functional state of the retina, leads to a stable preservation of visual functions during 3 years of observation and prevents the occurrence of AMD in 100% of individuals.