ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО СОЗНАНИЯ В СИНТЕЗЕ НЕВРОЛОГИИ, ПСИХОЛОГИИ И ФИЛОСОФИИ

Аннотация

This scholarly article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the philosophical heritage of two prominent Eastern thinkers — Abu Nasr al-Farabi and Abu Hamid al-Ghazali. The main sources of the study are al-Farabi’s “Philosophy of Politics” and al-Ghazali’s “The Alchemy of Happiness”, through which their philosophical, ethical, and social ideas are analyzed from a theoretical and methodological perspective. The purpose of the study is to compare the views of al-Farabi and al-Ghazali on human nature, morality, society, and politics, to identify similarities and differences in their approaches, and to reveal their significance for the development of Islamic philosophy. The methodology is based on historical-philosophical, comparative, and logical- analytical methods, as well as textual and hermeneutic analysis. The study examines original texts of the thinkers along with their modern interpretations and commentaries. The main findings indicate that al-Farabi regards philosophy as a rational activity aimed at achieving human perfection. In “Philosophy of Politics”, he emphasizes the concepts of governance, justice, and the virtuous society. Al-Ghazali, in contrast, in “The Alchemy of Happiness”, highlights moral purification, spiritual self-development, and the harmony between intellect and faith. While al-Farabi’s philosophy focuses on the rational and political order of society, al-Ghazali’s perspective is rooted in ethical and spiritual advancement. The practical significance of the study is that its results can be applied in teaching philosophy, ethics, and religious studies, as well as in further research on Islamic intellectual history. 571 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 11 Keywords: Abu Nasr al-Farabi, Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, Philosophy of Politics, The Alchemy of Happiness, Islamic philosophy, political philosophy, moral philosophy, comparative analysis, spiritual perfection, reason and faith.