ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ПРЕВЕНТИВНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЙ МЕХАНИЧЕСКОЙ ВЕНТИЛЯЦИИ ЛЕГКИХ У НЕДОНОШЕННЫХ МЛАДЕНЦЕВ

Аннотация

Mechanical ventilation (MV) remains a vital but potentially iatrogenic procedure for premature infants, associated with a high risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and neurological complications. This review analyzes the pathophysiological basis of the most common respiratory disorders in premature infants during the neonatal period and infancy, such as respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (including cases with pulmonary hypertension), apnea of prematurity, transient tachypnea of the newborn, as well as conditions that arise in later life, such as acute bronchiolitis of respiratory syncytial virus etiology and bronchial asthma. The structural, biochemical, and functional characteristics of the respiratory organs of premature infants, which form the basis for the development of these pathologies, are considered in detail. Patterns of inverse relationship between the epidemiology of respiratory diseases and gestational age have been identified. In this regard, the search for effective strategies for the prevention of post-ventilation complications is a priority task in neonatology.