Condition and Dynamic of the Incidence Rate of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Republic of Uzbekistan

Аннотация

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative, progressive disease of the macular region of the retina, which is the leading cause of central vision loss in older people in developed countries. Purpose of the study. to study the incidence rates of AMD in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the context of regions. Material and methods: based on the data of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, data from the reporting documentation of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Eye Microsurgery, a retrospective analysis of the dynamics of indicators of general and primary morbidity of AMD for the period from 2010 to 2019 in the context of regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the city of Tashkent was carried out and statistical methods. Research results.Аnalysis of the overall morbidity showed that relative to 2010, the indicators had some downward trend - in 2011 - 15.09, in 2012 - 14.73, but since 2013 they have been growing and in 2019 increased by 7.25 per 100 thousand population relative to 2010 (from 16.30 to 23.55 per 100 thousand population). An analysis of the primary incidence of AMD indicates that the rates are steadily growing from 3.60 in 2010 to 8.38 per 100 thousand population in 2019 (by 4.78). Conclusions. For the first time, the indicators of the incidence of AMD in the Republic of Uzbekistan for a 10 year period are presented, which indicate a high level, in comparison with developed countries, a growth trend and uneven numbers in the regions, which requires organizational and other decisions. Key words: age-related macular degeneration, general morbidity, primary morbidity. Relevance.Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative, progressive disease of the macular region of the retina, which is the leading cause of central vision loss in the elderly in developed countries [5,8]. In the structure of low vision, AMD ranks second and, as a rule, is accompanied by bilateral lesions (both eyes are affected in 60% of cases) [3,7]. According to the WHO, the prevalence of this pathology is 300 per 100 thousand population, 25-30 million people in the world suffer from AMD. Over the age of 40, 25–40% of the population fall ill [2,4,8]. Among people over 60 years old, this pathology is detected in 58% [5,6]. The problem of the development of AMD is becoming more and more urgent due to the increase in elderly people among the 226 http://annalsofrscb.ro Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages. 226 - 234 Receiv ed 15 December 2020; Accepted 05 January 2021. population, as well as due to the "rejuvenation" of the disease. In Russia, more than 100 thousand people are diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration annually, of which 20% of patients progress to the “wet” (or “neovascular”) form [1,3]. The economic consequences of the development of neovascular AMD are significant for patients, their families and the healthcare system (reduced quality of life, loss of independence, disability). The assessment of economic losses from disability of the population can be carried out by analyzing the indicators of morbidity and disability in a given disease. Unfortunately, in the available domestic literature there is not even mention of the prevalence (incidence) and disability of AMD in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The absence of such indicators in publications shows an insufficient and scientifically grounded approach to the organization of ophthalmological care for the population for the prevention, early detection of AMD, as well as the provision of high-quality medical and diagnostic care for patients with AMD. Purpose of the study. To study the indicators and dynamics of the incidence of AMD in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the context of regions over a 10-year period. Materials and research methods.Based on the data of the statistical department and statistical collections of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, data from the reporting documentation of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Eye Microsurgery, we carried out a retrospective analysis of the dynamics of indicators of the general and primary morbidity of AMD for the period from 2010 to 2019 in the context of the regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the city By copying and statistical methods. Resultsanalysis of the overall incidence showed that relative to 2010, the indicators had a slight downward trend - in 2011 - 15.09, in 2012 - 14.73, but since 2013 they have been growing and in 2019 increased by 7.25 per 100 thousand population relative to 2010 (from 16.30 to 23.55 per 100 thousand population) (Table 1, Figure 1). It was revealed that the indicators of general morbidity are uneven in the territory of Uzbekistan. In 2010, based on the identified incidence, the leading regions were the Republic of Karakalpakstan - 55.88, Samarkand - 38.83 and Fergana regions - 14.25 per 100 thousand of the adult po