ADVANCES IN SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF GLAUCOMA: FROM TRABECULECTOMY TO MINIMALLY INVASIVE TECHNIQUES

Аннотация

Glaucoma remains one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, primarily due to progressive optic nerve damage caused by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Over the past several decades, surgical management has evolved significantly from traditional filtration procedures to minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS), offering safer and more targeted control of IOP. This article provides a comprehensive evaluation of modern surgical approaches, emphasizing the transition from trabeculectomy and tube shunts to MIGS, and analyzes long-term outcomes in terms of efficacy, safety, and patient quality of life. Through clinical data, literature review, and comparative assessment, the study demonstrates that modern techniques, including iStent, Xen Gel Stent, and Kahook Dual Blade goniotomy, provide comparable IOP reduction with fewer complications and faster recovery. The paper concludes that the integration of traditional and minimally invasive methods, guided by individualized patient selection, is the future of glaucoma surgery.