ДЖАДИДСКОЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕ И ЕГО ВЛИЯНИЕ НА СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКУЮ, ПОЛИТИЧЕСКУЮ И КУЛЬТУРНУЮ ЖИЗНЬ ТУРКЕСТАНА

Аннотация

This article discusses the historical formation of the Jadid movement and its socio-political essence, main ideas, the thinking of the Jadids and the relevance of their ideas today. It also deeply analyzes the return to nature, the path to spirituality, and their significance in society. Keywords: Jadidism, movement, historical formation, socio-political essence, idea, thought, topicality, return to nature, path to spirituality, society, analysis. ДЖАДИДСКОЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕ И ЕГО ВЛИЯНИЕ НА СОЦИАЛЬНО- ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКУЮ, ПОЛИТИЧЕСКУЮ И КУЛЬТУРНУЮ ЖИЗНЬ ТУРКЕСТАНА Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются историческое становление джадидского движения и его социально-политическая сущность, основные идеи, философия джадидов и актуальность их идей в настоящее время. Также подробно анализируются возвращение к природе, путь к духовности и их значение в обществе. Ключевые слова: джадидизм, движение, историческое становление, социально- политическая сущность, идея, мысль, актуальность, возвращение к природе, путь к духовности, общество, анализ. The Jadid movement, which emerged in the Turkestan region in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, was one of the most important socio-political and cultural phenomena of its time. This movement was aimed at liberating the people from ignorance, restoring science and enlightenment, and national identity through modern reforms. Jadidism took its place in history not only as an educational renewal, but also as a national awakening movement against colonial policies. The Jadid movement laid the foundation for the national awakening, striving for independence, and building a modern state of the peoples of Turkestan. Their ideas later served as the basis for the formation of the ideology of national independence. The legacy of the Jadids still plays an important role in educating the younger generation in the spirit of patriotism, pursuit of knowledge, and openness to innovation. The main goal of the spiritual and educational renewal of society is the peace of the country, the prosperity of the Motherland, the achievement of freedom and well-being of the people, the upbringing of a perfect person, social cooperation, religious tolerance, and many other important issues. As we know, many states and dynasties have ruled in history. They left their own educational and spiritual heritage in a certain way. In particular, after the conquest of Central Asia by Tsarist Russia, they began to strike at the material and spiritual culture of the local population.1 1 Behbudiy M. Tanlangan asarlar. – Toshkent: Fan, 1994. 2 97 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2025 VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ The study of the activities of the Jadidists to preserve and further enhance the spirituality and culture of the nation can only be clarified by an objective analysis based on sources and documents. In this regard, it is worth citing the following thoughts of Islam Karimov: “...we imagine the future of our state not as a state of self-absorption, but as a state of deep absorption of universal and democratic values. We see our future in liberalizing the governance of the state and society, using the experience of developed countries, and in introducing human rights and freedoms, and the diversity of ideas into our lives more widely. We are for peaceful, free and prosperous living with the entire enlightened world, the international community, and mutually beneficial cooperation.”2 The schools of Ismail Gaspirali's "usuli jadid" (new method) and the slogan "Dilde, fikrde, ishde birik" (unity in language, thought, and work) played an important role in the formation of the ideas of Jadidism. Under his influence, the intelligentsia of Turkestan also began to struggle for the spiritual awakening of their people.3 Jadids such as Mahmudkhodja Behbudiy, Munavvarqori Abdurashidkhanov, Abdulla Avloniy, Fitrat, Chulpon, Sadriddin Ayniy, Fayzulla Khojayev became the main representatives of the movement. They worked in the fields of education, press, literature, and politics, serving to awaken national consciousness. The term "Jadid" means "new" in Arabic. The Jadids were enlighteners who promoted the idea of "usuli jadid" - a new method of education. Their main goal was to reform the old medieval education system, which was based on Sufism and superstition, to introduce secular subjects into the curriculum, and to elevate the nation through knowledge.4 One of the most important directions of the Jadid movement was to raise the culture of the people to a modern level. They advocated the reform of education and culture as the main way to lift the nation out of ignorance. The ideas of Jadidism were initially formed in the regions of Tatarstan, Crimea and Bukhara, and later entered Turkestan. Scholars such as Mahmudkhodja Behbudiy, Munavvarqori Abdurashidkhanov, Abdulla Avloniy, Ismail Gaspirali, Fitrat, and Chulpon are considered to be the leading representatives of this m