ЗНАЧЕНИЕ АНАТОМИИ ВЕРХНИХ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПУТЕЙ В ОТОРИНОЛАРИНГОЛОГИИ

Аннотация

The upper respiratory tract is a complex anatomical system comprising the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, pharynx, and larynx, which play essential roles in respiration, protection, resonance, and phonation. A thorough understanding of their anatomical characteristics is fundamental in otorhinolaryngology for accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and safe surgical procedures. Knowledge of the morphology, blood and lymphatic supply, innervation, and histological structure of the mucosa is crucial for identifying conditions such as sinusitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, polyposis, and tumor processes. Modern diagnostic tools, including endoscopy and tomography, enable the detection of individual anatomical variations, thereby enhancing the safety and efficiency of minimally invasive surgeries. The anatomy of the upper respiratory tract serves not only as the basis for studying pathological processes but also as a cornerstone in restoring respiratory and vocal functions, as well as in organizing phonopedic and reconstructive therapy. Therefore, comprehensive anatomical knowledge of this system holds exceptional importance in the professional training of every otorhinolaryngologist. Keywords. upper respiratory tract, anatomy, otorhinolaryngology, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, mucous membrane, sinusitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, endoscopy, tomography, surgical procedure, phonopedic rehabilitation.