AHOLI BANDLIGINI TA’MINLASHDA BANK KREDITLARINING O‘RNI (AITB IPAK YO'LI BANK MISOLIDA)

Аннотация

This scientific article deeply studies the role of commercial banks, in particular the Joint-Stock Innovative Commercial Bank "Ipak Yuli", in ensuring employment. The main objective of the study is to determine the impact of bank credit policy on economic activity, small business development and job creation. The article is prepared on the basis of statistical data from recent years, bank reports and official analytical data of the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan. During the study, economic-statistical and correlation analysis methods were used to determine the relationship between the volume of loans allocated by the "Ipak Yuli" Bank and the number of new jobs created. The results show that there is a strong positive correlation of 0.92 coefficient between the growth of bank loans and the level of employment, which confirms that the effective allocation of financial resources stimulates economic activity. In particular, more than 30 thousand new jobs were created during 2020-2024 through microloans and family entrepreneurship programs. The article also analyzes the initiatives of the Silk Road Bank in supporting youth and women's entrepreneurship, digital credit products ("Ipak Mobile", "Online Microloan") and the social effectiveness of the unsecured microcredit system. It also highlights the contribution of bank loans to socio-economic stability, reducing income inequality, and supporting regional employment policies. 659 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 10 Keywords: bank credit; employment; economic activity; small business; entrepreneurship support; financial inclusion; loan portfolio; non-performing loans (NPL); digital lending; Silk Road Bank; new jobs; economic growth; family entrepreneurship programs; credit policy; regional employment; social effectiveness. Kirish: So‘nggi yillarda O‘zbekiston Respublikasida aholi bandligini ta’minlash, yangi ish o‘rinlari yaratish va aholining daromadlarini oshirish davlat iqtisodiy siyosatining ustuvor yo‘nalishlaridan biri sifatida e’tirof etilmoqda. Bu borada moliya-bank tizimi, ayniqsa tijorat banklari faoliyati muhim o‘rin tutadi. Chunki bandlikni rag‘batlantirishda investitsion resurslarning asosiy manbai sifatida aynan bank kreditlari xizmat qiladi. Tijorat banklari tomonidan kichik biznes, oilaviy tadbirkorlik, xizmat ko‘rsatish va ishlab chiqarish sohalariga ajratilayotgan kreditlar nafaqat iqtisodiy o‘sishni tezlashtiradi, balki yangi ish o‘rinlari yaratish orqali ijtimoiy barqarorlikni ta’minlaydi. Shu nuqtayi nazardan, kredit siyosatining samaradorligi bevosita aholi bandligining holati bilan uzviy bog‘liqdir. Mazkur tadqiqotda Aksiyadorlik Innovatsion Tijorat Banki “Ipak yo‘li” misolida bank kreditlarining aholi bandligiga ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Ushbu bank O‘zbekiston bank tizimida innovatsion yondashuvlar, raqamli texnologiyalar va ijtimoiy yo‘naltirilgan kredit dasturlari orqali faoliyat yuritayotgan ilg‘or moliyaviy institutlardan biridir. “Ipak yo‘li” bankining mikro, kichik va o‘rta biznes subyektlarini moliyalashtirishga qaratilgan siyosati ko‘plab yangi ish o‘rinlari yaratilishiga xizmat qilmoqda. Tadqiqotda 2019–2024-yillar oralig‘idagi amaliy ma’lumotlar asosida bank kreditlari hajmining o‘sishi, ularning tarmoq kesimidagi taqsimoti hamda bandlik ko‘rsatkichlariga bevosita ta’siri iqtisodiy-statistik usullar orqali o‘rganiladi. Mavzuga oid adabiyotlar sharhi. So‘nggi yillarda bank kreditlarining aholi bandligiga ta’siri masalasi iqtisodiy nazariya va amaliyotda dolzarb mavzulardan biriga aylandi. Bu yo‘nalishda bir qator o‘zbek, rus, yevropa, osiyo va AQSh olimlari tomonidan qimmatli ilmiy tadqiqotlar amalga oshirilgan. Ularning ishlari bank-moliya tizimining iqtisodiy o‘sish, ishchi bozorining kengayishi hamda moliyaviy inklyuziya orqali bandlikni oshirishdagi rolini turli jihatlarda yoritib beradi. Quyida ushbu mavzuga oid ilg‘or manbalar tahlil qilinadi. A. Suyunov (2022) O‘zbekiston misolida xorijiy investitsiyalar va bank kreditlari o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro ta’sirni chuqur tahlil qilgan. Uning fikricha, xorijiy kapital oqimlari va tijorat banklari tomonidan ajratilayotgan kreditlar iqtisodiy faollikni oshirib, yangi ish o‘rinlari yaratish uchun zarur moliyaviy asosni shakllantiradi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, bank kreditlari hajmi oshgani sari ishsizlik darajasi pasayadi, ya’ni kredit resurslari bandlikni oshirishda muhim o‘rin tutadi. Shuningdek, M. Shakib (2023) Rossiyada olib borgan ilmiy izlanishlarida kredit bozorining chuqurlashuvi va innovatsion faoliyat o‘rtasidagi aloqani tahlil qilgan. U kreditlash hajmining kengayishi ishlab chiqarish samaradorligini oshirishi, yangi ish o‘rinlari yaratilishiga ijobiy turtki berishini empirik jihatdan isbotlaydi. Kredit bozorining rivojlanishi natijasida tadbirkorlik subyektlari texnologik yangiliklarni joriy etib, mehnat resurslaridan samaraliroq foydalanishni boshlaydi. S. Zemtsov va V. Barinova (2022) o‘z tadqiqotlarida Rossiya mintaqalarida kichi