ОСНОВНЫЕ КАТЕГОРИИ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИ

Аннотация

В статье рассматриваются основные категории педагогической науки. Ключевые слова: педагогика, социально-экономические отношения, инструмент. In the 21st century, it is increasingly evident that human intelligence and spirituality are the main coordinating, developing factors and tools in the development of socio-economic relations. Therefore, humanism is the main principle of building a legal, democratic state, and a strong civil society on the basis of a market economy. The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Education" declared education a priority in the field of social development of our state, which imposed great responsibility and lofty tasks on the pedagogical science. Our very rich scientific, spiritual, cultural, and religious heritage began to be restored. Only an independent science has its own subject and methodological foundations. In particular, pedagogy was formed as a science and has its own subject. Like other sciences, pedagogy emerged as a science, first of all based on the demands and needs of society. Therefore, the educational process should be considered an integral part of social life. Because it is difficult to imagine society and its development without educational work. The term pedagogy is ancient and comes from the Greek word "paedagogos", which means "child-leader". According to historical sources, in ancient Greece, a tutor who took his masters' children for a walk and took care of them "pedagogue" ("child guide"). Later, this concept was used in a broader sense and began to be applied to specialists with specialized knowledge. At the same time, those involved in educational work began to stand out as patrons of the profession. The activities of scholars in the field of education and the appropriate use of their accumulated experience led to the emergence of the discipline of PEDAGOGY. From the first days of our independence, many innovations and positive changes related to universal human processes have occurred in our political, social, cultural, spiritual and scientific life. “The most important thing is that the thinking and worldview of a person and a citizen are changing, their political and social consciousness, their general level are constantly growing,”1 - emphasizes our First President I.A. Karimov. Pedagogy is a unique discipline not only in terms of its subject of study, but also in terms of its historical development. The teachings of the "Avesta", the lessons of the "Holy Quran", the great masters of the science of hadith such as Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari (810-970), Abu Isa Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi (824-892) made a great contribution to the educational process and laid the foundation for the formation of pedagogy. Their pedagogical views have taken a worthy place in the golden pages of history. Each discipline has its own basic concepts that arise from its content and essence, serve to illuminate its main aspects and are most often used. 520 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 10 Similarly, the discipline of pedagogy also has its own main categories. Category - (Greek: category - "indication", "evidence", "all") is a basic concept in pedagogy that reflects the characteristics, essence and content of pedagogical processes, the relationship between the individual and society, the individual and the group, the individual and the community, education and upbringing, spiritual-enlightenment, moral-aesthetic, economic-ecological, etc. The category arose on the basis of the historical development of cognitive processes and the experience of society. Through categories, a person studies being, the environment, events occurring in social life. One of these and the main one is the term "Pedagogy". (It comes from the Greek words "paydagogos", meaning "child" and "agogein" - to lead). The explanation for this is as follows: In the III-I centuries BC, ancient In Greece, a slave who fed his child, took him for a walk, and played with him in nature was called a “pedagogue.” Today, the word “pedagogue” has acquired a broad, new meaning. Another important concept of pedagogy is the word “didactyly.” In ancient Greece, a person who taught a slave’s child at school was called a “didactyly.” “Didactics” comes from the Greek word “didaktikos,” which means “to teach,” “to teach,” and “to give knowledge.” The ancient Greeks used the terms “didasko” for teaching, “didaskal” for a teacher, and “didascale” for a student. However, the term “didactics” has moved far from its original meaning. Now the scope and content of these concepts have become much richer and expanded, covering not only the activities of the teacher, but also the activities of the student. The main categories of pedagogy include education, upbringing, information, development, pedagogical activity, pedagogical process, knowledge, teaching, educational and upbringing methods, principles, etc. We also call them pedagogical concepts. Upbringing is the systematic influence of the