ПРОФЕССИЯ УЧИТЕЛЯ, ЕЁ СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ И РАЗВИТИЕ

Аннотация

This article discusses the pedagogical profession, its emergence and development. Keywords: pedagogy, journalism, development, psychology, speech and writing ПРОФЕССИЯ УЧИТЕЛЯ, ЕЁ СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ И РАЗВИТИЕ Аннотация. В статье рассматривается педагогическая профессия, её становление и развитие. Ключевые слова: педагогика, журналистика, развитие, психология, речь и письмо. The formation of the pedagogical profession is inextricably linked with the history of human development. Primitive people, who lived by gathering food, took children with them and taught them to hunt, pick fruits of various trees, dig up the roots of plants, and search for water sources. Such actions were carried out by experienced people of the tribe (tribe) or elders. Based on the actions taken to meet ordinary daily needs, they gave young people information based on existing experiences and formed practical skills in them. Children learned to warn others of approaching danger by making various sounds based on the examples of adults. Before the emergence of speech and writing, such actions were carried out on the basis of gestures. The emergence of speech and writing, which made a fundamental revolution in human history, as well as the division of labor activities performed by the collective into various areas, allowed the attitude towards young people to acquire a progressive character. The natural need to protect themselves from the effects of various natural disasters, treat diseases that threaten people's lives, and accumulate enough food for survival showed that it was advisable to give young people life experiences by people who had sufficient knowledge in a certain field of labor activity. As a result, a group of people was formed who taught children life experiences, and special places began to be organized to provide children with knowledge in certain areas. The first schools appeared in the ancient East (Babylon, Egypt, India), where children were taught the basics of administrative and economic management. In ancient times, schools functioned as an important component of the educational system of Sparta, Athens, and Rome. In ancient Greece, such places were called academies. The word "academy" comes from the name of the legendary hero Academa. In the 4th century BC, Plato lectured to his students in a place called Academa near Athens, and later the educational institution began to be called by that name. In ancient Rome and Greece, philosophers were responsible for educating children. As a result of the stratification of society, slaves were responsible for transporting children to and from educational institutions in the feudal system, and they were called "pedagogues." The meaning of this concept is "child-leader". In the later stages of historical development, people who were constantly involved in giving children systematic knowledge began to be called by this name. During feudalism, most schools were organized under mosques (in Muslim countries) or temples (India). 4 22 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2025 VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 10 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ In such schools, young people were taught secular knowledge along with religious knowledge. During the Middle Ages, educational institutions in the form of academies also operated in the East, which were called "House of the Wise" (9th century, Bao'dod), "Academy of Mamun" (early 11th century, Khorezm), and societies under observatories (15th century, Samarkand). Encyclopedic scientists with strong knowledge in various fields of science were attracted to the academies, and they conducted extensive research in such areas as mathematics, geodesy, mineralogy, medicine, and astronomy. In the Middle Ages and in societies based on capital production, special importance was attached to the work of spiritually and morally mature teachers with excellent knowledge in various fields in schools in the form of academies (madrasas in the East). For example, in the madrasas founded by Muhammad Tarao'ay Ulu'bek, famous scholars of their time - Ali Kushchi, Taftazani, Qazizoda Rumi, Mavlano Muhammad, O'iyasiddin Jamshid Koshiy, Muiniddin Koshiy and Mansur Koshiy taught students. The founders of the Jadidism movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, famous enlighteners - Mahmudkhodja Behbudiy, Munavvar Qori, Hamza Hakimzoda Niyozi, Abdulla Avloniy, Abdukadir Shakuriy, Ismatulla Rakhmatullaev, Abdurauf Fitrat, Isohkhon Ibrat and others became famous among the population not only as mentors, but also as spiritually mature people. 2. Eastern thinkers and Western educators about the role of the teaching profession in society. The demands placed on the teacher by society were reflected in the works of Eastern thinkers and Western enlighteners of their time. Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, Abu Nasr al-Farabi and Abu Rayhan al-Biruni attached particular importance to the spiritual and moral maturity of the teacher. In their opinion, a good