ADVANCEMENT OF CRIMINAL INSTRUMENTS, INVESTIGATION AND DETERMINATION OF CRIMINAL INSTRUMENTS IN EXAMINATION OF THE SCENE OF A CRIMINAL INCIDENT

Аннотация

This article analyzes the methods of presenting, verifying and identifying clues in criminal staging during the examination of a crime scene. The importance of drawing up a crime scene inspection report for presenting and verifying clues is considered. Keywords: staging, scenario (version), investigation, operational search activities, examination of the crime scene, interrogation. The immediate tasks of the initial stage of the investigation are to quickly determine the presence or absence of sufficient evidence indicating the composition of the crime, as well as circumstances that exclude the conduct of a criminal case. Therefore, all work at this stage is aimed at collecting factual information that should subsequently be considered sufficient for making a decision on the case. In addition, the timely disclosure of committed crimes and ensuring high-quality investigation are the most important conditions for increasing the effectiveness of the initial investigation. In particular, the cognitive element of activity in examining the scene of a crime includes understanding the situation, facts, events, establishing causal relationships between them, and putting forward models. The search element of the activity is the examination of the presented patterns, the search, the identification of changes that occurred as a result of the crime, their examination, the seizure of traces and objects. The confirmatory element of the activity in the examination of the crime scene is the identification, confirmation and recording of traces, objects, established facts found during the examination. The presentation of patterns requires the investigator to fully understand the facts and circumstances at the crime scene, not by chance, but carefully and purposefully, and allows not to make a general assessment, but to find traces of the crime. In order to ensure the expediency of the examination of the crime scene, it should be based on the naming and confirmation of typical patterns, as well as patterns that take into account the circumstances of the event requiring examination, which can explain this event, its individual elements and the place where it occurred as a result of this event. This requires the investigator to constantly analyze the path and results of each action during the investigation. Patterns are created to determine the content of certain facts and situations, and to search for information sources (search patterns)1. At the beginning of the examination of the crime scene, which is carried out before the initiation of a criminal case, general ideas about the nature of the entire incident are presented and verified in order to determine whether a certain type of crime has occurred. The actual basis for 1 Пулатов Ю.С., Утанов М.А. Преступное поведение: Уголовно-правовой и криминалистический анализ //Ҳуқуқ–Право–Law. – Т.: 2005. – № 2. – С. 33-35. 148 NEW RENAISSANCE 2025 OKTABR INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 10 such ideas is the statements and explanations of the victims, the explanations of witnesses, and information obtained from persons who first learned about the incident before the examination of the crime scene. If during the examination of the crime scene there is only information about the discovery of the body, before the examination begins, all possible scenarios are put forward and checked, which could explain the onset of death: natural death due to illness, accident, suicide, death due to negligence, death by intentional infliction of harm to health, intentional murder. All facts and circumstances that testify in favor of each of the scenarios presented during the examination of the crime scene, on the contrary, should be rejected or questioned. Based on the use of forensic science on the types and locations of traces that arise during the commission of the crime under investigation, routine search patterns are put forward for such traces, objects that may contain or may contain their probable or necessary content, and actions are taken to identify, expose, and seize them appropriately. The presentation and verification of patterns allows us to correctly determine the presence or absence of a causal connection between the event under investigation and the traces and objects found during the examination of the crime scene. When examining the crime scene, along with the presentation and verification of general patterns of the essence of the crime in general, specific patterns of individual circumstances of the crime are proposed and verified: about the time, method, weapon and means of its commission, the persons who committed it, the relationship between them and the victim. Specific patterns are also formed taking into account the information available at the time of the general, initial examination and those that emerge during it2. At the initial stage of the examination of the crime scene, typical specific patterns are usually presented and verified, based