АНАТОМИЯ СЕРДЦА И КОРОНАРНЫХ АРТЕРИЙ: ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ДЛЯ ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ КОРОНАРНОГО ШУНТИРОВАНИЯ

Аннотация

Population aging is one of the most significant demographic trends of the 21st century. This process is accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of age-related diseases, among which cognitive impairment and dementia occupy one of the central places. Understanding the structural and functional changes that occur in the brain with age is a key aspect for developing methods to prevent and treat cognitive decline. This review examines the main macro- and microscopic changes in the structure of the brain associated with normal aging, including a decrease in the volume of gray and white matter, ventricular dilation, and the accumulation of pathological protein aggregates such as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Special attention is paid to the relationship of these structural rearrangements with impairments in various cognitive domains, including memory, attention, and executive functions. Keywords: aging, brain, cognitive functions, neurodegeneration, atrophy, gray matter, white matter, amyloid, tau protein, neuroimaging, cognitive decline, memory. YOSHGA BOG'LIQ MIYA O'ZGARISHLARI VA ULARNING KOGNITIV FUNKTSIYALAR BILAN ALOQASI Annotatsiya. Aholining qarishi 21-asrning eng muhim demografik tendentsiyalaridan biridir. Ushbu jarayon yoshga bog'liq kasalliklar tarqalishining ko'payishi bilan birga keladi, 4 84 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2025 VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ ular orasida kognitiv buzilish va demans Markaziy o'rinlardan birini egallaydi. Yoshi bilan miyada sodir bo'ladigan tarkibiy va funktsional o'zgarishlarni tushunish kognitiv pasayishning oldini olish va davolash usullarini ishlab chiqishning asosiy jihati hisoblanadi. Ushbu sharhda normal qarish bilan bog'liq bo'lgan miya tuzilishidagi asosiy makro va mikroskopik o'zgarishlar, shu jumladan kulrang va oq moddalar hajmining pasayishi, qorincha kengayishi va amiloid blyashka va neyrofibrillarar chigallar kabi patologik oqsil agregatlarining to'planishi ko'rib chiqiladi.. Ushbu tarkibiy tuzilmalarning turli xil bilim sohalarida, shu jumladan xotira, e'tibor va ijro funktsiyalarida buzilishlar bilan o'zaro bog'liqligiga alohida e'tibor beriladi. Kalit so'zlar: qarish, miya, kognitiv funktsiyalar, neyrodejeneratsiya, atrofiya, kulrang modda, oq modda, amiloid, tau oqsili, neyroimaging, kognitiv pasayish, xotira.