SYNONYMS IN PHARMACEUTICAL LEXICON IN ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND UZBEKISTAN

Аннотация

This article discusses how synonymous phenomena occur between words in the pharmaceutical field, an analysis of the opinions of linguists on this issue, and the types of synonymous phenomena. Keywords: paradigmatic relationship, syntagmatic relationship, polysemy, antonymy, term, significative, distributive,terminology, lexicography, stylisticsynonymy. As a result of analyzing the terms used in the texts of documents, literature, scientific articles and monographs related to the pharmaceutical field of the languages ​ ​ being compared, we can observe that most of them entered the national languages ​ ​ from Latin through English. At thesame time, thedevelopment ofpharmaceutical terminology in the Uzbek language, along with these languages, was also influenced to a certain extent by the intermediary Russian language. This, in turn, causes the phenomenon of synonymy between pharmaceutical terms. In this sense, it should be noted that pharmaceutical terms in the texts of the field form semantic similarity due to the units of the lexical-semantic layer. Below we will dwell on them in detail based ontheanalysis of thematerials of certain speech fragments. The issue of paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations in linguistics, in particular, the phenomenon of synonymy in the terminology of various fields, has attracted the attention of many scientists and specialists. However, the presence of synonyms in terminology, their consideration as separate terminological units, is considered the main drawback of terminology. Nevertheless, synonymy manifests itself to a certain extent in the lexicon of any field, the features of pragmatic, syntactic and paradigmatic relationships. According to modern terminologists, “a term is formed with the help of a substrate, that is, a lexical unit whose main source isnatural language. As a result, it retains thegeneral characteristics oflexical unitsin the national language and changes its specific characteristics lexico-semantically through the use of substrate bases. " Such an approach to the term is fully consistent with its modern essence, according to which it can be said that terms are not special words, but words with a special function that have all the linguistic characteristics of general lexical units in the language. Thus, since modern terminology is one of the main subsystems of the language, studying terminology separately from linguistic and extralinguistic laws and processes, and from the criteria for its progressive development and application, poses certain difficulties. Synonyms of terminological units (from the Greek synonymia - "having the same name, having the same meaning") - is a special type of semantic relationship based on the ability of different terms and similar language units to express a single concept, implying its correspondence to one another in terms of various additional features, emotional or stylistic coloring. According to A.A. Reformatsky, synonyms are words of different lexical forms that are semantically identical, while doublets are different forms of one word. Accordingly, the scientist emphasizes that one of the important tasks in regulating the terminology of a field is to distinguish synonyms and doublets. In this regard, R. Doniyorov, who has thoroughly studied the page240 INTERNATIONALJOURNALOF ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue09,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai terminology of the Uzbek language, gave the following definition of synonyms. “Synonyms are lexemes that express semantically close or similar concepts and differ from each other in terms ofmeaning or stylisticcoloring.” O.S. Akhmedov, who studied the linguistic analysis and translation problems of tax and customs terms in English and Uzbek, emphasizes that the phenomena of synonymy and polysemy in the language are an acceptable and normative situation for terminologies. According to him, “Synonyms and polysemantic words are of great importance in the process of English-Uzbek communication, and although they help to decorate lively colloquial speech, they create a certain problematic situation in the process of translation in a scientific style rich in terms. "Because synonymous and polysemantic words cannot be a precise expression of the concept used in any field of legislation. However, in practice, due to the lack of sufficient differentiation of their meanings, such terms are interpreted differently in regulatory documents andprevent theadequacy of translation from occurring." Wewill try to prove this in detail in the process ofstudying the synonymous properties of terms andlexemesrelated to thepharmaceutical industry in English, Russian, and Uzbek. The phenomenon of synonymy, widespread in the field of terminology, is characteristic of the formation and development of terminological systems. The main reason for the occurrence of homonyms in the terminological systems of i