PECULIARITIES OF THE CONCEPTS OF SECULAR AND SOCIAL STATE IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

Аннотация

В данной статье рассматриваются особенности понятий «социальное государство» и «светское государство» в Конституции Республики Узбекистан. Подчеркивается важность справедливого распределения ресурсов, обеспечения достойной жизни граждан, сокращения бедности и создания равных возможностей. В контексте светского государства раскрывается принцип свободы совести и отделения религии от государства. Также анализируются реформы, стратегия «Узбекистан – 2030» иразвитиесистемы социальнойзащитывстране. Ключевые слова: Социальное государство, Конституция, Права человека, Равные возможности,Религия игосударство. Annotatsiya:Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasining Konstitutsiyasida ifoda etilgan “ijtimoiy davlat” va “dunyoviy davlat” tushunchalari yoritilgan. Ijtimoiy davlat sifatida O‘zbekiston aholisi farovonligini ta’minlash, adolatli iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy siyosat yuritish, fuqarolarga teng imkoniyatlar yaratish va kambag‘allikni kamaytirish kabi tamoyillar muhim o‘rin egallaydi. Dunyoviylik tamoyili doirasidaesa diniy erkinlik, vijdonerkinligi vadavlatning dinlardan ajratilganligi asosiy e’tiborga olingan. Maqolada O‘zbekistonning 2030-yilga qadar bo‘lgan taraqqiyot strategiyasi, ijtimoiy himoya tizimi va konstitutsiyaviy islohotlar tahlil qilingan. Kalit so‘zlar: Ijtimoiy davlat, dunyoviy davlat, konstitutsiya, vijdon erkinligi, inson huquqlari, Ijtimoiy adolat, davlat boshqaruvi, fuqarolik jamiyati. In today's Uzbekistan, a period marked by dynamic transformations, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, during a meeting with members of the Constitutional Commission on June 20, 2022, proposed the idea of consolidating the principle of “Uzbekistan – a social state” in the Constitution. This idea was further reinforced in the President’s Address to the Oliy Majlis and the people of Uzbekistan, where the establishment of a social state was identified as a key strategicdirection. page229 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue09,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai In essence, a social state is a model of governance based on the principles of social justice, aimed at ensuring a decent standard of living for all citizens, reducing social inequality, and supporting low-income families through the fair distribution of material resources. This model is currently in practice in many developed nations, such as the United Kingdom, France, Sweden, Italy, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Portugal, Spain, Austria, Greece, Japan, theNetherlands, Switzerland, and theUnited States. According to President Mirziyoyev: “A social state is, above all, about creating equal opportunities for realizing human potential, ensuring decent living conditions, and reducing poverty.”Key features of asocial state include: a) Provision of minimum living standards and access to essential consumer goods for those in need; b) Guaranteeing adequate wages, employment, and safe working conditions for individuals and theirfamilies; c) Protection from unemployment, access to quality education and medical care, equal opportunities for all, and comprehensive support for families, children, women, the elderly, and persons with disabilities; d) Ensuring access to essential resources such as clean drinking water, natural gas, electricity, andtransportation, whileprohibiting forced labor; e)Most importantly, noone should beleft behind orabandoned with theirproblems. In his book "The Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan", President Mirziyoyev elaborates on the key priorities of the “Uzbekistan – social state” principle, emphasizing the creation of decent living conditions, modern infrastructure, high-quality healthcare and education, social protection, and a healthy ecological environment for the population, while also strengthening theeconomy and promoting sustainabledevelopment invarious sectors. The support of 90.21% of citizens in favor of the new edition of the Constitution during the referendum on April 30, 2023, is commendable, as it reflects the national will to uphold human dignity. As thePresident noted, “Human dignity means ensuring peace and security for every citizen, guaranteeing fundamental rights and freedoms, quality education, professional healthcare, targeted social protection, a healthy ecological environment, and decent living conditions through modern infrastructure.” A social state is also one that guarantees a minimum level of well-being to its citizens during times of market uncertainty, pandemics, or economic crises. Its foremost goal is to develop socio-economic and political relations that ensure the rights and freedoms of citizens, as well as improvethelegal guarantees for governance. The "Uzbekistan–2030" strategy also pays special attention to social protection and the safeguarding of human rights. One of its core ideas is to create a comprehensive social protection system that meets both the public's expectations