THE EFFECT OF ETHYLENE AND STORAGE CONDITIONS ON THE QUALITY OF APPLES

Аннотация

This article examines the effect of ethylene gas on the external and internal properties of apple fruits during storage, in particular, on their degree of hardness. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of ethylene on biochemical and physiological changes in fruit tissues and, as a result, to determine changes in the shelf life, appearance and consumer properties of apple fruits.the notation. The article examines the effect of ethylene gas on the external and internal properties of apple fruits during storage, in particular, on their degree of hardness. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of ethylene on biochemical and physiological changes in fruit tissues and, as a result, to determine changes in the shelf life, appearance and consumer properties of apple fruits. Data on the possibility of preserving the quality of apples for a longer period of time through the use of ethylene sorbents infruit storage and reducing theethylenecontent are presented. Keywords: Storage of apple fruits, degree of hardness, gas content of ethylene, local methods, appearance, physiological condition offruits. Introduction. Currently, one of the most important tasks of the agro-industrial complex is to ensure food security, long-term preservation of the quality of fruit and vegetable products and providing consumers with healthy products. The fruits of the apple tree are among the most cultivated in our country and are in great demand among the population. The appearance, hardness, taste, and amount of biologically active substances in them vary depending on different storage conditions. In Uzbekistan, traditional and local methods of storing agricultural products are still widely used (basements, basements of private residential buildings and various warehouses, as well as refrigerating chambers with limited ventilation efficiency). Under these conditions, the physiological condition of the fruits and, in particular, changes in the action of the hormone ethylene, especially adecrease inthelevel ofstiffness, are considered urgent problems [3]. The experiments study the dynamics of hardness levels, the effect of ethylene gas, and the degree of resistance of various varieties to these conditions during storage of Simerenko, Golden Delicious, Boiken, and Star Crimson apples using local methods. The research results serve todevelop practical recommendations in thefield of fruit growing. Theexperiments study the dynamics of hardness levels, the effect of ethylene gas, and the degree of resistance of various varieties to these conditions during storage of apples of the Simerenko, Golden Delicious, and Boiken Star Crimson varieties using local methods. The research results serve to develop practical recommendations in the field of fruit growing. Studies on the storage of apple fruits show that temperature, humidity, and ethylene gas have a major impact on the physiology of fruits during storage (Ibragimov et al., 2020; Hasanov, 2018). Ethylene gas is a phytohormone that accelerates fruit ripening and enhances enzyme activity by increasing the activity of pectinase and cellulase. This causes the destruction of cellular tissue and loss of stiffness (Kader, 2002). Depending on the variety, the degree of sensitivity of fruit tissues to ethylenevaries [4]. Research methods andmaterials. The object of thestudy. Apple varieties, Simerenko, Golden delishes, boyken, Star Crimson, storage conditions, local basement warehouses (temperature 3- page187 INTERNATIONALJOURNALOF ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue09,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai 8°C, humidity 85-90%), ventilation, natural air exchange, the amount of ethylene is not controlled, hardness determination method: penetrometer or measure of mechanical deformation. Measure it once every 7 days.These are the research and materials. The object of the study. Apple varieties, Simerenko, Golden delishes, boyken, Star Crimson, storage conditions, local basement warehouses (temperature 3-8°C, humidity 85-90%), ventilation, natural air exchange, the amount of ethylene is not controlled, hardness determination method: penetrometer or measure of mechanical deformation. Measure it once every 7 days. 10 samples of each fruit variety. Research methods. GOST 27819-88 standard for storing apple fruits in refrigerators for determining quality indicators during storage of apple fruits in research GOST 25999-83 standard for determining vitamins in apple fruits by the content of mono- and disaccharides, organic acids, pectin substances in Apples before and after storage-by the carbazole method; organoleptic evaluation of apples by tasting is carried out according to GOST 8756.1 standard FFV-50 certification and quality control requirements were applied. When determining the significance coefficients in the organoleptic analysis of E.Methods for determining significance co