NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES AND COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS

Аннотация

; Currently, computer networks are developing rapidly. It is difficult to imagine any organization or institution without computer networks. The Internet, a global international computer network that emerged at the end of the 20th century, is proof of this. This network is becoming one of the electronic forms of information that many people receive daily from newspapers, journals, and books. Therefore, using and studying the structure of computer networks and obtaininginformation from them isof great importance. Keywords; Technology, network, computer, Internet – international, information, supply, electronic. Content of the Subject The objective of teaching this subject is to educate students on how to overcome network-related problems they may encounter in their professional field, and to providethem with sufficient knowledge to become specialists as future subject teachers. The task of the subject is to provide students with information about computer networks, to show the role of information technologies in every person's life and in the development of society, to reveal the possibilities of regional, local, and global computer networks, to form concepts on when and for what purposes to use data in computer networks, and to provide knowledgeonhow togenerate datato be placed onthe global network. Network technologies are technologies that enable communication in network mode (English: network technologies, Russian: сетевые технологии). Network technologies are a set of standards that define the minimum level of software- hardware composition for organizing and coordinating computer networks. As a rule, network technologies define andspecify network topology, as well as theprotocol at thechannel level. Network technologies are a unified set of rules for transmitting and delivering data in the form of software, hardware, and protocols. Data exchange is carried out with network adapters, as well as through various connectors and cables. Network technologies form the basis of information and communication technologies, and their application invarious fields provides thefollowingopportunities:  Mutual use of a single printer, copier, and other devices by several computers on the network;  Conducting business and other collaborations over wide areas via VPN (Virtual Private Networks); page183 INTERNATIONALJOURNALOF ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue09,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai  Shared use of information from one computer as a backup storage and management of several computers in aclient-server model;  Using telephone services with IP telephony, i.e., voice traffic (speech) transmission between two subscribers, or with VoIP (Voice over IP - reconstruction of analog signals from packets and discrete signals received onthenetwork, orvice versa) technologies;  Conductinge-commerce onlinein an e-commerce model;  Shared use ofelectronic journals and newspapers;  IPTV (IPTelevision -internet television)technologies;  Wiki,e-mail, andinternet social networks;  Broadband network services and its manypossibilities. The term broadband network refers to continuous and high-speed internet connectivity. However, this is not just about data transfer speed, but also a special way of using the World WideWeb. A broadband network client can transmit and receive large amounts of data, including color images, audio and video clips, animation, television content, and more, at any time. A broadband network provides the most modern services to the client, regardless of where they are connected. The client will have more opportunities in multimedia and business information provision,including filesharing, telephone, and banking services, andmore. Broadband networks enable the opening of new sectors and the development of existing ones. They open up new opportunities for economic growth and investment, and job creation. They facilitate the development of remote settlements, create favorable conditions for commerce for local authorities, provide highly qualified medical services, enable remote work, high-speed dataaccess, and participation inpublicadministration. One of the broadband network technologies is FTTx technology. FTTx - the name is derived from the initial letters of the English words Fiber to the x, meaning "optical fiber to point x". Fiber to the Home/Building means "optics to every home". This term is used for all computer networks where an optical cable is used up to a certain distance (point x) from the communication node. The FTTx system opens up great opportunities for new services to broadband subscribers. According to experience in using computer networks, delaying users' access to the Internet, which is considered the global computer network, can completely negatively affect various aspects ofany country's life, including:  Lack of timely and necessary modern information about the latest scientifi