EVALUATION AS A LINGUISTIC CATEGORY WITHIN AXIOLINGUISTICS

Аннотация

In thisstudy, attention isgiven to themanifestation of thecategory ofevaluation –one ofthecore concepts ofthevalue system –through theanalysis of linguists’ opinions. Keywords:axiology, value, evaluation, evaluative judgment, assessment. Today, in world linguistics, the axiological approach, which studies values, their nature, socio-cultural factors, and their connection with the notion of personality, is gaining increasing importance. Axiology is aseparate branch ofphilosophy in which theconcept ofbeing is divided into two elements – reality and value. Axiolinguistics likewise has particular significance due to its anthropocentric character. Existing objects, events, and phenomena acquire value only within human consciousness. In this regard, within the framework of the anthropocentric approach, one of the important tasks facing our linguistics is the study of the specifics of axiological evaluation in language units, the identification of its aspects related to worldview and consciousness, the thematic classification and analysis of axiological units, the determination of their significant features, the identification – based on the analysis of specific linguistic units – of the peculiarities of the axiolinguistic features of the Uzbek language, as well as the systematic description and analysis ofvalues. In axiolinguistics, the concepts of value and evaluation hold primary significance. When studying the category of evaluation, it is possible to rely on numerous works produced within Russian linguistics. In Uzbek linguistics, too, there exists a sufficient number of studies devoted tothis subject. The concept of axiological evaluation was originally formed as a philosophical category and later became a fundamental notion of axiology. The category of evaluation is considered a basic category of axiology, equally important as value. As a category, evaluation arises in the immediate process of people’s relation to existing phenomena. Evaluation expresses people’s aspirations, reflects their unacceptable rejections or neutral attitudes, and conveys the position of the subject within the system of social relations and culture. At the same time, it is implied that evaluation is also a product and choice of the human cognitive process, which serves as the source and measure ofvalue. In forming an understanding ofvalue, onecan rely onthefollowing ideas ofS.F. Anisimov: “The significance of value (namely, for people) is reflected in consciousness in the form of evaluation –in theform of ideas, concepts, and judgments. Evaluation may also be manifested in 87 https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi COMPANY:GERMANINTERNATIONALJOURNALS JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY ISSNNUMBER:2751-4390 SCIENCES AND INNOVATIONS IMPACTFACTOR:9,08 the form of feelings, pleasure, aversion, and similar emotional reactions. Conscious evaluation always takes the form of an evaluative judgment, and in speech – the form of statements such as “This person is beautiful,” “These plants are useful,” “Violence is evil.” The main difference between an evaluative judgment and, for example, cognitive judgments, lies in the fact that in it the predicate involves the concept of value.” [3: 85]. For example, let us analyze two judgments about bread. “Bread is a food product made from dough, baked in a tandir (national stove), oven, etc.” – this is a cognitive judgment, a scientific description. “Bread is precious” – this is an evaluative judgment, and in this case the predicate “precious” is a value concept expressing a positive meaning. In general, the formation of views on the role and significance of bread in the daily life and subsistence of members of the Uzbek linguo-cultural community, as a precious good, has led to a considerable increase in sources connected with it in the folklore and in traditions worthy of becoming objects of linguo-cultural studies: breaking bread (engagement), finding a whole loaf, finding bread; “The abundance of bread is the abundance of the people,” “Bread earned by labor is sugar, unworked bread is poison,” “Bread earned by labor is sweet,” andso on.From theseexamples onecan seethe value-based attitudeofUzbeks toward bread. M.S. Andryukhina emphasizes that the system of evaluation is realized in two stages: “1) through human experience, which expresses everyday concepts; 2) through the understandings that are formed in the conceptual core of human existence.” [2: 54]. According to the scholar, the axiological significance of an object is determined by its evaluation, which, of course, may be positive, negative, or neutral. Values, as a category, include only those phenomena of social life that have positive content for the existence and development of society. It should be noted that values cannot exist as aseparate world, outsideofreality. The linguist N.D. Arutyunova, who studied in depth the system of values in language, in particular the category of evaluation, emphasizes the social nature of evaluation and interprets it th