IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN CHILDREN: PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL MANAGEMENT

Аннотация

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent nutritional disorder in children worldwide, significantly impacting growth, cognitive development, and overall health. The condition arises from inadequate dietary intake, impaired absorption, or increased iron requirements during periods of rapid growth. This article reviews the pathophysiological mechanisms of IDA in children, its clinical manifestations, and current strategies for diagnosis and management. Evidence from recent studies indicates that while oral iron supplementation remains the first-line treatment, adherence and gastrointestinal side effects pose challenges. A deeper understanding of iron metabolism in childhood highlights the importance of preventive strategies, including dietary interventions andfortification programs. Keywords:Iron deficiency anemia; Pediatrics; Pathophysiology; Childhood nutrition; Hemoglobin;Iron supplementation