HISTORICITY AND MODERNITY IN LITERARY CRITICISM AS AN AESTHETIC CATEGORY

Аннотация

modern subject and modernity of the subject are completely different concepts. Works with historical and modern themes should have a spirit of modernity so that the works can remain on the level of history even after years have passed. For this, the writer's imagination should not be interfered with. He should generalize issues and problems that are of great importance inpubliclife. Awriter can turn to historical, modern, symbolic orfantastic subjects in thecreative process. The main issue in choosing a subject is the writer's social interest. The demands of life determine another quality of the subject. This is the relevance of the subject. The writer is free to choose a subject. The main condition for a writer when choosing a subject is the modernity of the subject. The subject in modern life and the modernity of the subject are different concepts. Thus, the writer must be able to give a modern content to the subject he writes about (whether modern or historical). Modernity is not writing about modern life, modernity is the close correspondence of theproblems posedin thework with today, that is, relevance. In works with modern themes, the truth of life is at the forefront, and in works with historical themes, the reflection of historical truth is at the forefront. However, in relation to both modern and historical themes, artists are united by an attempt to penetrate deeply into theessence oftruth. The first basic condition for an artist to write a work on a historical theme is to study that historical material deeply and thoroughly. The writer should not waste the efforts of the historian. He should read the most reliable sources and accurately recreate the historical period and conditions he describes before his eyes. Artistry is the main condition for the transformation of historical truth into artistictruth. Keywords: literary criticism, historical theme, modern theme, historicity, modernity, aesthetic category It is known from literary criticism textbooks that there are two types of themes in works of art: 1. Historical themes: These are events that have occurred in history, and the artist conveys his idea to the reader by choosing a theme for himself. Works written on historical themes must have a spirit of modernity and relevance so that the work can live. Since the historical works studied in www.wordlyknowledge.uz ILMIYMETODIK JURNAL JOURNAL OFIQRO –ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО –IQRO JURNALI –volume 17,issue01,2025 ISSN:2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR( RESEARCH BIB )–7,245,SJIF–5,431 our literature today have high modernity qualities, those works maintain their relevance over the years. This comes from the strong spirit of modernity in those works. For example: Nariman Narimanov's "Nadir Shah", Mammad Rahim's "Khurshidbanu Natavan", Ilyas Efendiyev's "Sheikh Khiyabani", "The Ruler and His Daughter", Mammad Said Ordubadi's "Dumanly Tabriz", "The Sword and the Pen" are among the works that are particularly distinguished by theirmodernity qualities. 2. Modern themes: Events that occur in modern life are daily changes. Modern themes become historical themes as history passes and over time. Therefore, modern topics should be treated in such a way that there is a truth of life in them. Years later, they should stand the test of history. For example: Works dedicated to the definition of the Soviet regime - Stalin, Lenin, etc., lost their modernity over time. Because they did not pass only through the writer's imagination. The regime interfered with the artist so that he would write only a description of the Soviet regime, rather than real truth. In other words, works of this type were modern not for later periods, but for theirown time. In other words, they were notrelevant. Modern topics and the modernity of the topic are completely different concepts. Historical and modern works should have a spirit of modernity so that the works can remain on the level of history even after years have passed. For this, the writer's imagination should not be interfered with. He should summarize issues and problems that are of great importance in the life of society. The writer can turn to historical, modern, symbolic or fantastic themes in the creative process. The main issue in choosing a theme is the writer's public interest. The demands of life determine another quality of the theme. This is the relevance of the theme. The writer is free to choose atheme. Themain condition for thewriter when choosing atheme isthe modernity ofthe theme. The theme in modern life and the modernity of the theme are different concepts. Thus, the writer must be able to give a modern content to the theme he writes about (whether modern or historical). Modernity is not writing about modern life, modernity is the close correspondence ofthe problems posed in thework with today, that is,relevance. Azerbaijani literature experienced a period conditioned by its entry into a new qualitative stage, starting from the late 50s and 60s. Thus, after the collapse of the Stal