THE USE OF NOUNS IN THE NOMINATIVE CASE IN THE ARABIC LANGUAGE

Аннотация

This article studies the issue of the use of nouns in nominative agreement in the Arabic language. Nominative agreement, as one of the main parts of Arabic grammar, analyzes the function of nouns used without a case in the sentence structure, their syntactic and semantic features. Also, the address of nouns in nominative agreement, their role in the main part of the message, and the laws of their connection with the verb are shown. The article sheds light on the grammatical and methodological significance of nominative agreement based on theoretical sources and practical examples. Keywords: Arabic language, noun, nominative agreement, syntax, morphology, sentence structure Introduction: Arabic is one of the most ancient and influential languages ​ ​ in the world, and is of particular importance as the main expression of a high cultural and religious heritage. Its grammatical system is complex and its rules are clearly formed, which is of great interest not only to linguists, but also to translators, orientalists, and Islamic scholars. Among the grammatical categories in the Arabic language, the nominative forms of nouns, especially the nominative,occupy a special place. Nouns in the language perform the function of indicating the main subject, indicating the center of the message, and conveying the most important meaning in the sentence. Therefore, from a syntactic point of view, they are considered the cornerstones of Arabic grammar. For example, nouns that appear at thebeginning of a sentence orin themain part of the message are often used innominativeform, and theirrelationship with theverb determines thecontent of thesentence. The correct use of nominative forms in Arabic grammar serves not only to ensure the correct and fluent expression of the language, but also to accurately express the meaning and content. In particular, a thorough knowledge of the rules of nominative forms is of great importance for the correct understanding and interpretation of verses of the Quran, texts of hadiths, or examples of classical literature. Therefore, studying thistopic is relevant both from a scientificand theoretical point of view and from the point of view of practical language learning. This article analyzes the theoretical foundations, syntactic functions, and application features of the use of nouns in agreement in Arabic through various examples. At the same time, the morphological forms of agreement, its methodological possibilities, and its place in the general structure of the Arabic language are alsoconsidered. The study of the nominative case (rafʿ) in Arabic grammar has attracted the attention of both classical and modern scholars, as it represents one of the fundamental categories that shape sentence structure and meaning. According to Sībawayh in his monumental work Al-Kitāb, the nominative case is indispensable for identifying the subject (faʿil) and the predicate (khabar). He stresses that without clear nominative markers, the relationship between the components of a sentence would remain ambiguous. https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue8,2025 19 Later grammarians, such as Ibn Hisham al-Ansari, expanded on theseideas in works likeMughni al-Labīb, emphasizing that the nominative case is not confined only to subjects but also appears in predicates and other syntactic constructions. He underlined its essential role in preserving the logicand coherence ofArabic syntax. In modern scholarship, Wright (1996) describes the nominative case as “the primary indicator of sentence balance,” pointing out its morphological realizations through dammah, -āni (dual), and -ūna (sound plural). Similarly, Ryding (2005) observes that even in Modern Standard Arabic, where case endings are often dropped in everyday speech, the nominative case remains central in formal registers, texts, and recitations. Furthermore, Versteegh (2014) connects the study of the nominative case with the historical continuity of Arabic, arguing that its preservation in Classical Arabic played a vital role in safeguarding the unity of the language across centuries and regions. This view shows that the nominative case is not only a structural element but also a cultural and historical marker of linguisticidentity. Taken together, these scholarly perspectives confirm that the nominative case is both a grammatical necessity and a stylistic device in Arabic. It ensures syntactic clarity, avoids semanticambiguity, and enriches theexpressivepower of thelanguage. Main part: One of the important aspects of Arabic grammar is the category of agreement. Among the nouns used in collocation (بصنلا, عفرلا, رجلا), عفر (collocation) has a special significance. It serves to express a subject, a message, or a named state. Collocation is often expressed morphologically bythesuffix (ـُ) at theend of thenoun. Collocation nouns are at the center of the sentence structure in Arabic from a syntactic point of view. Their use determines the meaning of the sentence a