PREPOSITIONS IN ARABIC

Аннотация

This article analyzes the structure, grammatical aspects, types and usage of prepositions in the Arabic language. In addition to expressing syntactic relations, prepositions in theArabic language play an important role in expressing themeaning of a sentence semantically. Of course, this article will be useful for those interested in the Arabic language and students studying it. Keywords: Arabic language (ةيبرعلا ةغلا) letter word group (فرح), prefixes ( رج فورحّ ), accusativecase (رجّ ), word inaccusative case (رورجم). Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada arab tilidagi old ko‘makchilar (predloglar)ning tuzilishi, grammatik jihatlaari, ularning turlari va ishlatilishi haqida tahlil qilinadi. Arab tilida old ko‘makchilar (predloglar) sintaktik munosabatlarni ifodalash bilan bir qatorda, semantik jihatdan gapning ma’nosini ifodalshda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Albatta ushbu maqola orqali arab tiliga qiziquvchilar vauni o‘rganayotgan talabalarga foydali bo‘ladi. Kalit so’zlar: arab tili (ةيبرعلا ةغلا) harf so‘z turkumi (فرح), old ko‘makchilar ( رج فورحّ ), qaratqich kelishigi (رجّ ),qaratqich kelishigidagi so‘z(رورجم). Аннотация: В данной статье анализируются структура, грамматические аспекты, типы и употребление предлогов в арабском языке. Помимо выражения синтаксических отношений, предлоги в арабском языке играют важную роль в семантическом выражении смысла предложения. Эта статья, безусловно, будет полезна всем, кто интересуется арабскимязыком,и студентам,изучающимего. Ключевые слова: арабский язык (لالغللرعرّغ), часть речи “харф” (فرح), предлоги (حروفجرّ ), родительный падеж (جرّ ), слово в родительномпадеже (رورجم). Kelishiklar Aniq holat Nooaniq holat 1. Bosh kelishik ُف تاهلا telefon ُف تاه telefon 2. Tushum kelishik ُف تاهلا telefonni اافتاه telefonni 3. Qaratqich kelishik ُف تاهلا telefonning افتاه telefonning Therefore, it cannot be used to form other sentences. In addition, in Arabic, conjunctions are placed before theword to which they are attached. Auxiliary words and prepositions that serve to express meanings such as place, time, purpose, reason, means, togetherness are called auxiliary words and prepositions ( auxiliary - فرح رّ جلا ) [Abduhafiz Abdujabbarov. Arabic language textbook. p.78.T-2005]. Prepositionsare divided intothree groups. 1.Original (root) prepositions. http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 415 Volume15 Issue 08, August 2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023: 6.995, 2024 7.75 Words that have lost their independent word form and are used only as prepositions are original prepositions.Original prepositions includethefollowing: يفِ-in, in; Studentat the university. -بلاتلا يِةف عماج ْن مف –from, from; Studentleft theuniversity. جرخ بلاتلا ْمِف يعلا ىلإ–to, towards; Student went to theuniversity. لخدبلاتلا ىللا ةعمجلا عALAY–above, above; The notebook isonthetable. -رتِدلا ىالةلواتلا نال̊about, from; The studentasked about thelesson. - لسبلاتلا ْليسردلا bi- with,through; He wrotethe letterwith apencil. -Is there a book? li-for, belonging to; Thisbookis astudent's book ka-like, like; Girls are beautiful likeflowers. - ِنعلاةايمج يدرولاك suffixesbi,li,ka are added to words. ِففافَلنافب ِمفافَفب bilan, vositasida ِﺑ Qalam bilan بف لفاَْ الف بم لفاْف لف Uchun, …niki, ﹻﻟ …dabor Talabauchun, If Talabada bor, the Talabaniki aux ِف من َّ لاكف ِم من ّف كف -dek, kabi, ilia singari ﹷﻛ ry Quyosh kabi co me sbefore thearticle “لا”,“ا” isnot written. ل+ةسردملا =ةسردمالف If thefirst letter ofthenounis “ل”,theletter “ل”of thearticleis not written either. ةغالا= ةغّال+ لف 2.Noun (made) prepositions. Adverbs (فورزلا) This group includes words that have not lost their noun character, can be used as nouns, and act as adverbs. When these words are used as adverbs, they often come in the accusative case [N.Ibrahimov.Arabic grammar book.p.56.T-1997 ]: لخاد -inside, into;Inside theuniversity لف خف اد ةف فعمف اجف لنا جراخ -outside, to theoutside;Outside theschool جف رف اخف ةف سف رف دن مف لا رعل -through; Through thebook بف ننلف ِف افتِف لنا للخف -during; near; During the vacation لف لف خف ةف فاْن فعلنا ِرق- near; Near thehouseِف رف ق ِف ينفعلنا ماما- in front of; In front ofthecar مف امف فَ فغرف اَ فَّ لا http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 416 Volume15 Issue 08, August 2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023: 6.995, 2024 7.75 ُاخ- behind;behind; Behind Omar ُف انخف ِف لف ْيب-between; Between two students ْف ينفعلفاَْ لا ْف ينفب قوِ -above; upon;On thetableقف ونفِ ةف فلوف َْ لا ِف ْن فتةف فلوف َْ لا دنل-at; in thepresence of; In thepresence oftheteacherفدننلف ِف افتسن ف أا لوح- around; about; Around theschool لف ونحف ةف سف رف دن مف لنا These noun (made-up) prepositions are formed from nouns, that is, from some nouns. They require the word following them to be in the case of jar, that is, in the accusative case, but رجلا is notcalled a فورح.Based ontheoriginal Arabic sources, auxiliaries formed from the