THE ROLE OF ENTOMOFAUNA IN THE BIOECOLOGICAL BALANCE OF TOMATO AGROECOSYSTEMS

Аннотация

The role of entomofauna in maintaining the bioecological balance in agrocenoses is scientifically analyzed. The main attention is paid to the biological relationships between beneficial and harmful insects in tomato agroecosystems. The study examined the entomofauna of tomato agrocenoses in the Andijan region, their seasonal changes in numbers, biological diversity, and ecological functions. The article also highlights the possibilities of reducing the use of pesticides by preserving the impact of natural competitors, pollinating insects, bioagents, and entomofauna on the agroecosystem. Ways to increase the effectiveness of entomofauna monitoring using GIS technologies, sensors, and remote monitoring methods are considered. Scientific results are important in maintaining the bioecological balance, increasing the sustainability of the agroecosystem, and ensuring environmental safety. Keywords: entomofauna, agrocenosis, bioecological balance, tomato agroecosystem, beneficial insects, biological control, GIS monitoring, pesticides, environmental safety. Introduction. Entomofauna is a complex of insects found in agroecosystems. It interacts with soil and plants and performs many ecological functions as part of the ecosystem. For example, pollinating insects such as bees and butterflies play an important role in plant fertilization, which increases the quantity and quality of the harvest. Some plants, such as tomatoes, release pollen through "noise," i.e., by pollination; such "noise pollination" is performed by bees, which increases tomato yields. Insects, considered pests, damage plant tissues and lead to crop loss. For example, harmful insects such as aphids and leaf thistle (Tuta absoluta) suck fluid from tomato leaves, causing plants to weaken. On the other hand, predatory insects such as ladybugs (Coccinellidae), mysterious mosquitoes (Chrysopidae), and parasitic bees provide natural control by eating pests. Thus, within the entomofauna, pollinators, pignho (harmful) insects, and their natural enemies must always be in balance. In the tomato agroecosystem, the entomofauna is also diverse, some species damage tissues and fruit parts, while others perform the function of fertilizing plants or parasitic-parasitoid (breaking pests). For example, studies in 37 INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Cameroon showed that insects found in tomato fields are distributed across 7 orders and 66 families, some of which are called benefis (bee, butterfly, ladybug, mysterious mosquito, and others), while most are considered harmful plinnish (pests). For many farmers, chemical pesticides are widely used because it's not entirely clear which insects are harmful and which are beneficial. However, from an intellectual and ecological point of view, by strengthening biological control and monitoring in the agroecosystem, it is possible to maintain the bioecological balance and ensure sustainable yields. In observation, "noisy" fertilization of tomato flowers with the green bee species (Amegilla spp.) increases fruit yield. Ladybug (Coccinellidae) eats aphids on fruit plants as a natural enemy; this is one manifestation of pest control in the tomato ecosystem. Style. Dedicated to the study of the role of entomofauna in the tomato agroecosystem. The content of the article is mainly based on available scientific literature, the latest research, and the results of field studies. Examples of the use of various monitoring methods to determine the diversity of insects in tomato field ecosystems and to study population dynamics were investigated. For example, there are studies where entomofauna observations were conducted using pitfall puxta (belt vessels immersed in the ground). In the laboratory experiment, pitfall stones were installed under two different agro- textile (plastic fabric) covers, and insects walking through the soil were collected as a biological indicator. Additionally, there are examples where insect species that fly into the stream have been identified using LED traps. For example, in an experiment conducted in Russia in 2021, LED traps were used in open and greenhouse tomato fields to identify common insect orders - mainly Coleoptera (chordate worms) and Hemiptera (middle-winged insects). The results of monitoring data were analyzed, and population dynamics and seasonal changes 38 INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference were assessed. In the study of chenoriozon, control was carried out in different seasons in the sampled areas (for example, with pitfalls or sticky traps with an interval of 7-10 days). The data collected through observations were processed statistically and analyzed in the form of graphs and tables of population dynamics. Based on the research results, conclusions were drawn about the diversity of entomofauna in the agroecosystem and the balance ensuring stability. Results. Studies based on the data showed the following results: