BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS: THEIR IMPACT ON THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

Аннотация

Bilateral and multilateral trade agreements play a pivotal role in shaping the strategic direction of a national economy. This paper examines the economic implications, institutional adjustments, and fiscal transformations associated with such agreements, using the Republic of Uzbekistan’s evolving trade policy as a reference point. By comparing bilateral and multilateral frameworks, the study identifies key channels through which trade agreements influence GDP growth, industrial diversification, and tax revenue dynamics. Special attention is given to the integration of trade policies into fiscal strategy, highlighting the role of customs duties, value-added tax on imports, and targeted tax incentives for exporters. Keywords: Bilateral trade agreements, Multilateral trade agreements, International trade policy, Economic growth, Fiscal policy, Uzbekistan.