SUBSTITUTION OF THE PARAMETERS OF A GEARED ROLLER FOR MIXING BIOSOLVENT PREPARATION INTO THE SOIL DURING PLOWING.

Аннотация

На землях с неудовлетворительным мелиоративным состоянием, средне- и слабозасоленных почвах разработаны способ и технологический процесс его обработки, оснащенные специальными устройствами, которые одновременно распыляют по поверхности плуга смесь биорастворителя из расчета 5-10 л биорастворителя с 200 л воды на 1 га площади и перемешивают ее с почвой с обратной стороны. Увеличивая пористость почвы и улучшая ее водопроницаемость, биорастворитель создает условия для выведения из почвы вредных солей, легкорастворимых в воде, и достигается снижение расхода воды при 67 МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИХ НАУК промывке солей. В результате экономится вода и повышается продуктивность земель на 7-10 центнеров. Ключевые слова: Биорастворитель, пористость, плуг, водопроницаемость, почва, содержание солей, среднезасоленная почва, слабозасоленная почва, техника, технология. Annotation. In lands with poor melioration conditions, medium and weak saline soils, a technique and its technological process have been developed, equipped with special devices that simultaneously spray a biosolvent mixture of 5-10 liters of biosolvent mixed with 200 liters of water per 1 ha of land area along the plow surface and mix it into the soil from the back. By increasing the porosity of the soil and improving water permeability, the biosolvent creates conditions for the removal of harmful salts that are easily soluble in water from the soil, and a reduction in water consumption during salt leaching is achieved. As a result, water is saved and land productivity is increased by 7-10 centners. Keywords: Biosolvent, porosity, plow, water permeability, soil, salt content, moderately saline soil, weakly saline soil, technique, technology. Introduction. Energy and resource efficiency are the most important issues in the world in the creation of new agricultural techniques and technologies and the improvement of existing machines. Considering that “more than 1.8 billion hectares of land are cultivated annually for the cultivation of various agricultural crops worldwide” [1], the development of machines and devices that work with high quality and productivity and are energy- and resource-efficient is considered one of the important tasks. In this regard, great attention is paid to the development of plows that simultaneously loosen the subsoil during plowing. Certain achievements have been achieved in this direction in developed foreign countries, including the USA, Germany, the Netherlands, England, Italy, the Russian Federation, Belarus, Ukraine and other countries [2,3]. The irrigated area of our republic is 4.3 million hectares, the total water resources are 52 billion m3, of which 41.0 billion m3 are formed in the territories of the joint states, 11.0 billion m3 are formed in the territory of Uzbekistan, of which an average of 90 percent is used in agriculture, 4.5 percent in the municipal sector, 4.3 percent in industry and energy, and 1.2 percent in fisheries. Surface water resources are 49.9 billion m3 (96%). Groundwater is 0.5 billion m3 (1%). Return water is 1.6 billion m3 (3%). 68 МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИХ НАУК 1-frame suspension; 2 - hydraulic cylinder for turning the plow bodies; 3 - frame; 4- lower softener; 5- front softeners; 6 - blades; 7 - roller. Figure 1. Scheme of a combined plow equipped with a biosolvent spraying device During the work of the double-row plow, the biosolvent compound is treated with a device (rotor) mounted on the back that spreads the biosolvent compound onto the surface layer of the soil and mixes it with the soil to preserve its chemical composition from sunlight, wind, and various natural influences. During the salt leaching process, the biosolvent compound maintains its chemical effect on the soil, increasing the porosity of the soil, dissolving harmful salts, and improving the quality of salt leaching. а b 1– teeth; 2 – Biosolvent softener gear roller cylinder a – cross-section of the view in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement b – view in a plane along the direction of movement Figure 2. Parameters of the biosolvent grinding roller Determination of the diameter of the biosolvent grinding roller. It is known that the diameter of the biosolvent grinding roller should be such that its blades, when meeting the workpiece, can easily roll over it without pushing it forward. In this case, the pressure of the blade is concentrated on the cuttings, which will break them up, otherwise the soil will accumulate in front of the biosolvent grinder's toothed roller, which will disrupt its technological process, increase its resistance to abrasion, and deteriorate the quality of work. 69 МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИХ НАУК For reliable clamping of soil particles between the toothed roller cylinder of the biosolvent aerator and the treated field, the following conditions must be met: χ>(φ - φ ) (1) 1 2 this χ – angle of contraction of the slices, degrees; φ and φ – Friction angl