ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC BASIS OF ORGANIZING THE CYCLE OF SECONDARY RESOURCES

Аннотация

This article discusses the issues of effective use of secondary resources, establishing a system for their recycling, and ensuring environmental and economic efficiency. In the context of climate change, increasing waste volumes, and limited natural resources, the use of secondary resources isapressing issuetoday. Keywords: Recycling, resource conservation, waste management, environmental efficiency, economic efficiency, sustainable development, renewable resources, ecological culture of the population,environmental protection. Introduction. The limited natural resources and the increasing volume of waste generated as a result of industrial development are disrupting the ecological balance. At the same time, the increasing demand for raw materials for economic development requires more efficient use of existing resources. Secondary resources (i.e. materials recovered from waste) are today one of theimportant means ofensuring economic and environmental sustainability. As environmental protection standards are increasingly being tightened around the world, the problem of industrial waste disposal is becoming more urgent. An effective way to solve this problem is to use these wastes as raw materials with functional properties necessary for various economicsectors (secondary use)and obtain appropriate products. Sinceincineration or landfilling ofwaste cannot completely solvetheproblem of environmental pollution, the concept of environmental efficiency has been developed, which provides a dual benefit for boththe environment and the economy [1]. Waste as a secondary resource is becoming an increasingly global problem worldwide, but it has also become an even greater regional problem within the borders of a nation state, and in some cities it has become a serious local problem. Household waste is also becoming a major problem in large cities, and its transportation and disposal outside the city limits are required. Thisrequires theavailability of special transport and enterprises. One of the serious problems in the socio-economic development of any country is the waste problem. This problem is becoming increasingly complex in Uzbekistan. Also, a large amount of secondary waste is generated in the production process of mechanical engineering, thermal power, light and food industries. Some of them are toxic and can pollute surface water and air. The accumulation of industrial waste is completely harmful from an ecological and economic point of view, and it is advisable to use them in various fields according totheir mineralogical andchemical composition. Secondary resources are materials that have been used or have become waste, which are used to createnew products through processing. This concept includes recycling, reuse and reduction. A logistical approach to the circulation and transportation of secondary resources (e.g., recycled or used materials) is very important. Effective organization of this process helps to ensure optimalrecycling of resources and does notharm theenvironment. Thelogistical approach includes thefollowing main aspects: 1.Collectionand separation of resources. 174 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue08(2025) Collection system: The process of collecting discarded or used materials must be carefully organized. These resources are collected from various sources (e.g., production processes, consumers, or manufacturers). Separation and classification: Secondary resources are separated according to their type. For example, plastic, metal, paper or other materials are separated separately and then sent for recycling. 2.Transportation and storage. Transportation system: An efficient system is needed to transport secondary resources from the collection point to processing plants or landfills. In this process, it is necessary to take into account transportation costs, distanceand thecharacteristics oftheresources. Storage: The collected materials are temporarily stored. When organizing these storage areas, the types, quantities and storage conditions of the resources to be collected are taken into account. Also,theenvironmental safety ofwaste storage areas must beensured. 3.Recycling andresource use. The recycling process requires good integration of logistics and technological processes. Recycling methods (e.g. melting, crushing, chemical processing) vary depending on the type of material. Some materials (e.g. metals) have a high recycling value, while other materials may have energy-intensive recycling processes. A logistics approach can help ensure that these resources arerecycled efficiently. 4.Environmental protection. The logistics system must be environmentally friendly. This can be achieved, for example, by storing waste in safe places, recycling contaminated materials, or reducing the environmental impact ofstorage facilities. Tra